Evaluation of the effect of carbamazepine on gonadal development in female rats

چکیده: ‏ زمینه و هدف: کاربامازپین یکی از داروهای موثر در درمان صرع می باشد و استفاده از آن همراه با اثرات تراتوژنیک است. ‏هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر کاربامازپین بر تکوین غدد جنسی موش صحرایی ماده ‏می باشد.‏ روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی60 سر موش صحرایی باردار به 2 دسته تقسیم شدند که هر دسته شامل گروه های ‏کنترل، شم، دوزهای ‏‎ mg/kg‏10، 15 و 30 داروی کاربامازپین بودند. تمامی تزریق ها به صورت درون صفاقی در روزهای ‏‏18-14 بارداری (تکوین جنینی غدد جنسی)، و در روزهای 10-0 پس از تولد (تکوین پس از تولد غدد جنسی) انجام شد. ‏به زاده های هردو گروه اجازه داده شد تا به سن 7 هفته برسند. سپس تخمدان راست آنها خارج و مورد رنگ آمیزی بافتی ‏هماتوکسیلین و ائوزین قرارگرفتند . داده ها با استفاده از آنالیز آماری یک و دوطرفه ‏ANOVA‏ و آزمون تعقیبی‎ ‎Tukeyتجزیه و تحلیل شدند. ‏ یافته ها: نتایج حاصل نشان می دهد که استفاده از کاربامازپین سبب افزایش تعداد اووسیت های اولیه و کاهش تعداد ‏اووسیت های ثانویه، فولیکول گراف و جسم زرد می گردد. در مقایسه بین گروه های تکوین جنینی و پس از تولد، مشاهده ‏می شود که تعداد اوسیت های اولیه فقط در دوز‎ mg/kg‏ 30 تکوین جنینی افزایش معنی داری در سطح (‏

Tuberculosis of the knee

Extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis are reported in less than one in five cases with the knee affected in 8% after the spine and hip. We report a case of isolated highly erosive tuberculosis of the knee presenting in a previously fit Vietnamese woman. The difficulties of diagnosis, modalities of chemotherapeutic management, and surgical treatment are discussed

Recommendations for improving follow-up care for mesothelioma patients: A qualitative study comprising documentary analysis, interviews and consultation meetings

Objectives. The study aim was to explore experiences of patients with pleural mesothelioma of follow-up care in three National Health Service (NHS) Trusts to develop recommendations for practice. Design. The study design was qualitative and comprised three interlinked phases: a documentary analysis, interviews and consultation meetings. Altheide and Johnson’s Analytic Realism theoretical framework guided the thematic data analysis process. Setting. The study was conducted in three NHS Trusts in South England. Two were secondary care settings and the third was a tertiary centre. Participants. The secondary care trusts saw 15–20 patients with new mesothelioma per year and the tertiary centre 30–40. The tertiary centre had a designated mesothelioma team. Twenty-one patients met the inclusion criteria: >18 years, mesothelioma diagnosis and in follow-up care. Non-English speaking participants, those unable to provide written informed consent or those whom the clinical team felt would find participation too distressing were excluded. All participants were white, 71% were 70–79 years old and 71% were men. Three consultation meetings were conducted with key stakeholders including mesothelioma nurse specialists, patients with mesothelioma, carers and local clinical commissioning group members. Main outcome measures. Specific outcomes were to gain a detailed understanding of mesothelioma follow-up care pathways and processes and to develop coproduced recommendations for practice. Results. Mesothelioma pathways were not always distinct from lung cancer care pathways. All trusts provided follow-up information and resources but there was varied information on how to access local support groups, research or clinical trial participation. Five themes were developed relating to people; processes; places; purpose and perception of care. Coproduced recommendations for improving mesothelioma follow-up pathways were developed following the consultation meetings. Conclusions. This study has developed recommendations which identify the need for patients with pleural mesothelioma to access consistent, specialist, streamlined mesothelioma care, centred around specialist mesothelioma nurses and respiratory consultants, with input from the wider multidisciplinary team

Auto Calibration and Optimization of Large-Scale Water Resources Systems

Water resource systems modelling have constantly been a challenge through history for human being. As the innovative methodological development is evolving alongside computer sciences on one hand, researches are likely to confront more complex and larger water resources systems due to new challenges regarding increased water demands, climate change and human interventions, socio-economic concerns, and environment protection and sustainability. In this research, an automatic calibration scheme has been applied on the Gilan's large-scale water resource model using mathematical programming. The water resource model's calibration is developed in order to attune unknown water return flows from demand sites in the complex Sefidroud irrigation network and other related areas. The calibration procedure is validated by comparing several gauged river outflows from the system in the past with model results. The calibration results are pleasantly reasonable presenting a rational insight of the system. Subsequently, the unknown optimized parameters were used in a basin-scale linear optimization model with the ability to evaluate the system's performance against a reduced inflow scenario in future. Results showed an acceptable match between predicted and observed outflows from the system at selected hydrometric stations. Moreover, an efficient operating policy was determined for Sefidroud dam leading to a minimum water shortage in the reduced inflow scenario

Evaluation of dermoscopic findings of longitudinal melanonychia in referred patients to dermatology clinics in Guilan, Iran

Introduction: Longitudinal melanonychia (LM) is a common clinical condition that is mostly identified by the presence of longitudinal, demarcated, and pigmented bands on the nail. Different benign or malignant pathologies can present with longitudinal melanonychia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the frequency of dermoscopic features of LM in patients with LM referred to dermatology clinics in Guilan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-series study was conducted on 30 patients with LM who were referred to Besat clinic and Razi hospital, Rasht, Iran, from March 2022 to August 2022 with a complaint of LM. Demographical data and dermoscopic findings of patients were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 21. The LM and dermoscopic features were investigated using a dermatoscope (HEINE IC1, HEINE Optotechnik, Germany). Results: Out of 30 patients, 24 patients were female and 6 patients were male with a mean age of 30.08 ± 14.31 years old. Among these patients, five patients had a family history of LM, one patient with melanoma had Hutchinson’s sign, and three patients had pseudo-Hutchinson’s sign. The mean width of lesions of the nail was 2.42±2.12 mm with a mean time of onset of 7.42 ± 7.12 months. Also, the majority of the involved site of LM was hand (26.6%). Conclusion: According to our study, LM was more frequent in females and the trauma-related lesions of the nail were the most common dermatological findings among the patients

Iron Behaving Badly: Inappropriate Iron Chelation as a Major Contributor to the Aetiology of Vascular and Other Progressive Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular "reactive oxygen species" (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation). The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible. This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, etc...Comment: 159 pages, including 9 Figs and 2184 reference

Qualitative evaluation of general practitioner training program as viewed by graduates from Shiraz, Fasa and Jahrom Medical Universities

Introduction: The majority of countries have brought the quality of higher education into focus in the past few years. They have tried to improve the quality of their own higher education. The studies show that Iranian Universities are not at an accepted level in terms of quality. They have encountered several problems which have diminished their quality level. This study aimed at assessing the quality of medical education program as viewed by general practitioners graduated from Shiraz, Fasa and Jahrom Medical Universities. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. 215 subjects were selected based on a census of all the general practitioners graduated from Shiraz, Fasa and Jahrom Universities during 2011- 2013. The questionnaire used for collecting the data was that of the Association of Graduates from American Medical Colleges. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS 14 through which such descriptive and bivariate statistics as percentage, means, Standard Deviation and ANOVA were used. The level of significance was set to 0.05. Results: The questionnaire return rate was 97%. As to the graduates’ preclinical experiences, five indices were studied which were assessed as “average” in graduates’ views. However, with respect to their clinical experiences five indices were equally studied, among which such indices as “Communication” were evaluated as “desirable” in view of the graduates from the very three universities. On the contrary, the quality of clinical experiences and technological skills was evaluated as “almost weak”; furthermore, the integration of basic science with required clinical experience was also considered “weak”. Conclusion: It seems essential to set up an annual assessment of general practitioner education program and a review of the medical education program in Iran based on the global medical advancement and international standards

Orthopedic Reviews 2009; volume 1:e24 Tuberculosis of the knee

Extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis are reported in less than one in five cases with the knee affected in 8 % after the spine and hip. We report a case of isolated highly erosive tuberculosis of the knee presenting in a previously fit Vietnamese woman. The difficulties of diagnosis, modalities of chemotherapeutic management, and surgical treatment are discussed