5,136 research outputs found
Optimal Spectrum Access for Cognitive Radios
In this paper, we investigate a time-slotted cognitive setting with buffered
primary and secondary users. In order to alleviate the negative effects of
misdetection and false alarm probabilities, a novel design of spectrum access
mechanism is proposed. We propose two schemes. First, the SU senses primary
channel to exploit the periods of silence, if the PU is declared to be idle,
the SU randomly accesses the channel with some access probability .
Second, in addition to accessing the channel if the PU is idle, the SU possibly
accesses the channel if it is declared to be busy with some access probability
. The access probabilities as function of the misdetection, false alarm
and average primary arrival rate are obtained via solving an optimization
problem designed to maximize the secondary service rate given a constraint on
primary queue stability. In addition, we propose a variable sensing duration
schemes where the SU optimizes over the optimal sensing time to achieve the
maximum stable throughput of the network. The results reveal the performance
gains of the proposed schemes over the conventional sensing scheme. We propose
a method to estimate the mean arrival rate and the outage probability of the PU
based on the primary feedback channel, i.e., acknowledgments (ACKs) and
negative-acknowledgments (NACKs) messages.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1206.615
Tinjauan terhadap pengetahuan, kemahiran dan minat dalam bidang keusahawanan di kalangan peserta kursus jangka pendek anjuran Jabatan Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasional
The purpose of this research is to determine the knowledge, skill and enthusiasm among participants short term course organized by Jabatan Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasional (JPTV). Fifty-four participants from three short term courses, Kursus Usahawan Berasas Kimpalan, Kursus Penyelenggaraan dan Pemasangan Komputer dan Kursus Chargeman AO are selected as respondents to gather feedbacks based on the questionnaire distributed. Collected data is analyzed by using Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS), 11.0 version, which were represented using mean scores, percentage and Correlations Pearson. The result of this research shows that majority of the participants are enthusiasm towards entrepreneurship but they are lack of knowledge and skill in entrepreneurship basic. "Garis Panduan Asas Keusahawanan " had been
created to give knowledge and skill entrepreneurship basic for participants short term course organized by JPTV
To Sense or Not To Sense
A longer sensing time improves the sensing performance; however, with a fixed
frame size, the longer sensing time will reduce the allowable data transmission
time of the secondary user (SU). In this paper, we try to address the tradeoff
between sensing the primary channel for seconds of the time slot
proceeded by randomly accessing it and randomly accessing primary channel
without sensing to avoid wasting seconds in sensing. The SU senses
primary channel to exploit the periods of silence, if the primary user (PU) is
declared to be idle the SU randomly accesses the channel with some access
probability . In addition to randomly accesses the channel if the PU is
sensed to be idle, it possibly accesses it if the channel is declared to be
busy with some access probability . This is because the probability of
false alarm and misdetection cause significant secondary throughput degradation
and affect the PU QoS. We propose variable sensing duration schemes where the
SU optimizes over the optimal sensing time to achieve the maximum stable
throughput for both primary and secondary queues. The results reveal the
performance gains of the proposed schemes over the conventional sensing scheme,
i.e., the SU senses the primary channel for seconds and accesses with
probability 1 if the PU is declared to be idle. Also, the proposed schemes
overcome random access without sensing scheme.
The theoretical and numerical results show that pairs of misdetection and
false alarm probabilities may exist such that sensing the primary channel for
very small duration overcomes sensing it for large portion of the time slot. In
addition, for certain average arrival rate to the primary queue pairs of
misdetection and false alarm probabilities may exist such that the random
access without sensing overcomes the random access with long sensing duration
Optimal Random Access and Random Spectrum Sensing for an Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio with and without Primary Feedback Leveraging
We consider a secondary user (SU) with energy harvesting capability. We
design access schemes for the SU which incorporate random spectrum sensing and
random access, and which make use of the primary automatic repeat request (ARQ)
feedback. We study two problem-formulations. In the first problem-formulation,
we characterize the stability region of the proposed schemes. The sensing and
access probabilities are obtained such that the secondary throughput is
maximized under the constraints that both the primary and secondary queues are
stable. Whereas in the second problem-formulation, the sensing and access
probabilities are obtained such that the secondary throughput is maximized
under the stability of the primary queue and that the primary queueing delay is
kept lower than a specified value needed to guarantee a certain quality of
service (QoS) for the primary user (PU). We consider spectrum sensing errors
and assume multipacket reception (MPR) capabilities. Numerical results show the
enhanced performance of our proposed systems.Comment: ACCEPTED in EAI Endorsed Transactions on Cognitive Communications.
arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1208.565
g-Jitter induced free convection boundary layer on heat transfer from a sphere with constant heat flux
The free convection from a sphere, which is subjected to a constant surface heat flux in the presence of g-jitter is theoretically investigated in this paper. The governing equations of motion are first non-dimensionalized and the resulting equations obtained after the introduction of vorticity are solved numerically using an implicit finite difference method for a limiting case Re >> 1 or the boundary layer approximations. Table and graphical results for the skin friction and wall temperature distributions as well as for the velocity and temperature profiles are presented and discussed for various parametric physical conditions Prandtl number, Pr=0.72, 1 and 7. Results indicate that g-jitter induced convective flows is stronger when Pr is small
Optimal Selection of Spectrum Sensing Duration for an Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio
In this paper, we consider a time-slotted cognitive radio (CR) setting with
buffered and energy harvesting primary and CR users. At the beginning of each
time slot, the CR user probabilistically chooses the spectrum sensing duration
from a predefined set. If the primary user (PU) is sensed to be inactive, the
CR user accesses the channel immediately. The CR user optimizes the sensing
duration probabilities in order to maximize its mean data service rate with
constraints on the stability of the primary and cognitive queues. The
optimization problem is split into two subproblems. The first is a
linear-fractional program, and the other is a linear program. Both subproblems
can be solved efficiently.Comment: Accepted in GLOBECOM 201
Cooperative Cognitive Relaying Under Primary and Secondary Quality of Service Satisfaction
This paper proposes a new cooperative protocol which involves cooperation
between primary and secondary users. We consider a cognitive setting with one
primary user and multiple secondary users. The time resource is partitioned
into discrete time slots. Each time slot, a secondary user is scheduled for
transmission according to time division multiple access, and the remainder of
the secondary users, which we refer to as secondary relays, attempt to decode
the primary packet. Afterwards, the secondary relays employ cooperative
beamforming to forward the primary packet and to provide protection to the
secondary destination of the secondary source scheduled for transmission from
interference. We characterize the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff of the
primary source under the proposed protocol. We consider certain quality of
service for each user specified by its required throughput. The optimization
problem is stated under such condition. It is shown that the optimization
problem is linear and can be readily solved. We show that the sum of the
secondary required throughputs must be less than or equal to the probability of
correct packets reception.Comment: This paper was accepted in PIMRC 201
- …