Nutritional requirements and actual dietary intake of adult burn patients

Background: Nutritional support of the burn patient is essential to optimize, host immune defenses and to promote prompt wound healing. Furthermore, the increased needs in calorie requirement of burned patients, the composition of proteins, carbohydrates and fats in their diet is important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intake and comparing with Reference Daily Intake (RDI) in adult burn patients. Methods: Sixty thermally injured patients who were hospitalized in a burn care Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad, Iran, were included in this cross-sectional study. Information about actual intake was collected by ‘nutrient intake analysis (NIA) through direct observation. Individual nutritional intakes were assessed with the use of nutritionist 4 software and Data was analyzed by SPSS version 18. Results: The mean of energy, carbohydrate and protein intake was significantly lower than the mean total energy requirement and carbohydrate and protein RDA (

Association of NFKB1 gene polymorphism (rs28362491) with cardiometabolic risk factor in patients undergoing coronary angiography

Introduction: Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of the study was to investigate between the genotype of the NFKB1 gene and the cardiometabolic risk factor in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 462 adults (male and women) aged between 35 and 75 years who referred to Afshar Hospital for coronary angiography in 2021- 2022. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to detect the genotype of rs28362491. Biochemical parameters were measured using commercial kits. Gensini and Syntax scores were calculated using the angiography result to assess the extent of coronary artery stenosis. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between genotype variants and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: There was no association between variant genotypes and abnormally levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P value=0.51), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P value=0.99), triglyceride (TG) (P value=0.48), total cholesterol (P value=0.79), low density lipoprotein-cholestero (LDL-C) (P value=0.31), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P value=0.53), fast blood sugar (FBS) (P value=0.39), systolic blood pressure (P value=0.14), diastolic blood pressure (P value=0.64), Gensini score (P value=0.48) and syntax score (P value=0.74) in the crude model even after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion: We found no association between the ATTG polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients who had coronary angiography. Further investigations are needed to assess the association between variants of 28362491 and cardiometabolic markers

Effects of Ramadan fasting on plasma free fatty acids in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global disease which its prevalence is about 10-35%. Several factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fasting during Ramadan on plasma free fatty acids in patients with NAFLD.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed during the month of Ramadan in June-July, 2014 (Islamic year: 1435) with 50 patients who were living in Mashhad, Iran. The participants were recruited from 18-65 years old patients. The inclusion criteria were 1) patients with NAFLD that diagnosed fatty liver by ultrasonography and 2) being at least 10 hours fasting. Levels of plasma free fatty acids (Palmitic, Elaidic and Oleic fatty acid) were analyzed in blood sample of all patients by gas chromatography apparatus equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID).Result: results indicated that there was no significant changes were observed in plasma levels of Palmitic, Elaidic and Oleic fatty acids in overweight patients (BMI 25-30 ), but plasma levels of Elaidic acid significantly increased in obese patients (

The effect of Ramadan fasting on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients: a prospective observational study

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare biochemical tests, body composition and anthropometric parameters in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) patients before and after Ramadan fasting. Methods: fifty NAFLD patients including 33 males and 17 females aged 18-65 year, were recruited. Subjects attended after diagnosis based on  ultrasound imaging, with at least 10 hour fasting, before and after Ramadan who were been fasting for at least 10 days. A fasting blood sample was obtained, blood pressure was measured and body mass index(BMI) and fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were calculated. Lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS),insulin, ALT and AST enzymes were analyzed on all blood samples. Result: There was a significant increase in HDL-c in females and  higher total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and FBS in both gender while lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and ALT  decreasing after Ramadan (P0.05, t test). Conclusion: This study shows significant effects on NAFLD patient  parameters during Ramadan fasting  such as decreasing in insulin, ALT enzyme, SBP and DBP and increasing in HDL-c  after an average of 27 d fasting, Result from this study suggested that Ramadan fasting may be useful to improve NAFLD, so further studies are needed in this area

Food insecurity status in heart failure patients in Iranian population

Background: We were conducted this study to assess the prevalence of food insecurity in heart failure patients households and the relationship between food security and some variables in this households. Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 300 heart failure patients' households were studied in Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad. The Iranian version of household food insecurity access scale was used to measure food security. Results: Among the participants in this study, 129 patients (43%) were secure, 42 patients (14%), 82 patients (27.3%) and 47 patients (15.7%) were mild, moderate and sever insecure, respectively. Chi-square test results show that there is a strong association between diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), and food security distribution (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Based on our findings, food insecurity is mild to severe prevalent in heart failure patients households, meanwhile there is a strong relationship between diabetes, hypertension, BMI and food security status, so it is important to assess their food status and prevent from worsening their nutritional statu

Vitamin D supplementation and serum heat shock protein 60 levels in patients with coronary heart disease: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Background The aim in this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D (25(OH)D3) supplementation on heat shock protein 60 (HSP 60) and other inflammatory markers (IL-17, TNF-α, PAB) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, we recruited 80 male and female patients aged 30–60 with CHD and 25(OH)D3 serum levels < 30 ng/ml from Rasool-e-Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Serum levels of HSP 60 as primary outcome, and 25(OH)D3, IL-17, TNF-α, PAB, lipid profiles and parathyroid hormone (PTH) as secondary outcomes were measured at baseline and post-intervention. We randomly assigned eligible participants to a placebo group (N = 40) or an intervention group (N = 40) (50,000 IU/wk. vitamin D supplement) for eight weeks. Results The results demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation resulted in a significant increase in 25(OH) D3 serum levels in the intervention group compared to the placebo group (46.86 vs. 7.28 ng/ml). PTH levels decreased in the intervention group compared to the placebo group (− 19.81 vs. 2.92 pg/ml) after eight weeks of supplementation. Furthermore, we observed a significant change in waist circumference (− 0.97 vs. -0.26 cm), fat percentage (−.13 vs. 0.1%), systolic blood pressure (− 3.85 vs. -2.11 mmHg) and diastolic blood presure (− 4 vs. -1.86 mmHg) in the vitamin D group compared to the placebo group (all P values < 0.05). Other variables did not significantly change after the intervention. Conclusion Based on our findings, weekly vitamin D supplementation of 50,000 IU for eight weeks in patients with CHD resulted in decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference and fat percentage. No significant effect on HSP 60, inflammatory markers or lipid profiles was observed. Trial registration IRCT, IRCT201612122365N14. Registered 12 December 2016

High-dose Vitamin D Supplementation and Improvement in Cognitive Abilities, Insomnia, and Daytime Sleepiness in Adolescent Girls

Introduction: Vitamin D may affect the modulation of signaling pathways in the central nervous system. We aimed to evaluate the effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on neuropsychological functions in female adolescents.  Methods: We studied the effects of 9 weeks of vitamin D supplementation (50000 IU vitamin D3 [cholecalciferol]/week) on cognitive abilities and sleep disorders in 940 adolescent girls.  Results: Oral vitamin D supplementation improved cognitive abilities, including memory, inhibitory control, selective attention, decision making, planning, sustained attention, and cognitive flexibility in healthy adolescent girls (P<0.001). The prevalence of subjects with insomnia after intervention fell from 15.0% to 11.3%. Similar results were also found for the prevalence of sleepiness (15.6% reduced to 14.7%), or cases with both insomnia and sleepiness (8.0% reduced to 6.1%; P<0.05).  Conclusion: High dose of vitamin D can improve cognitive abilities and alleviate insomnia and daytime sleepiness in adolescent girls. Further investigations are required on different population groups (age and gender) to determine the sustainability of these effects. The value of vitamin D therapy in other neurological disorders would also be of research interest

Overall and Abdominal Obesity Are Inversely Associated With Plasma n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Iranian Adults

Background: Obesity is a common health problem associated with a number of diseases, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, gout, gall bladder and liver disease, cancer, and depression. The prevalence of obesity is dramatically increasing around the world, especially in the Asia Pacific region.  omega-3 is a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have several beneficial effects on some diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder and asthma. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to determine the levels of omega-3 fatty acids in subjects with different categories of BMI (healthy- weight, overweight, and obese) and WC (not at risk, increased risk, and substantially increased risk). Method: In the current study, a total of 151 individuals consist of 58 men and 93 women (aged 18-65 year) were randomly recruited from patients attending the nutrition clinics of Mashhad, Iran. Participants were divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI) (healthy-weight, overweight, and obese) and WC categories (not at risk, increased risk, and substantially increased risk). Plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids were analyzed in blood sample of all participants by gas chromatography apparatus equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS) and written informed consent was obtained from all individuals. Results: Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were inverse association with increasing both overall (

Interaction of dietary patterns with rs28362491 on severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients undergoing coronary angiography

Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle and genetic factors play important roles in the development of CAD. The aim of the study is to examine the interaction of dietary patterns and genes on the likelihood of abnormal lipid profile and coronary artery stenosis in Iranians undergoing coronary angiography. This cross-sectional study was performed on 440 patients who underwent coronary angiography. The factor analysis method was used to extract dietary patterns. Commercial kits have been used to assess biochemical parameters. The detection of the rs28362491 genotype was carried out by the method of restriction fragment length polymorphism. Traditional (TDP) and western dietary pattern (WDP) were extracted. We observed an interaction of adherence to TDP and rs28362491 on the odds of having a high Gensini score. These interactions indicated that higher adherence to TDP was associated with higher odds of having a high Gensini score for patients with DD genotype than for those with II genotype. (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.00–5.44; P = 0.05). These interactions remained statistically significant even after confounder variables. We observed an interaction between higher adherence to TDP and rs28362491 variants on the odds of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P = 0.04) in the unadjusted model. We found a significant interaction of this polymorphism and higher adherence to WDP on the odds of having a high Gensini score in the unadjusted model (P = 0.04). This study provides a basis for future research on NF-KB1 gene and diet interaction. More large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings

Treatment Response Prediction using MRI-based Pre-, Post- and Delta-Radiomic Features and Machine Learning Algorithms in Colorectal Cancer

We evaluate the feasibility of treatment response prediction using MRI-based pre-, post- and delta-radiomic features for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT)