Novel FFA1 (GPR40) agonists containing spirocyclic periphery: polar azine periphery as a driver of potency

<p>A series of nine compounds based on 3-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]propanoic acid core containing a 1-oxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecane periphery was designed, synthesized and evaluated as free fatty acid 1 (FFA1 or GPR40) agonists. The spirocyclic appendages included in these compounds were inspired by LY2881835, Eli Lilly’s advanced drug candidate for type II diabetes mellitus that was in phase I clinical trials. These polar spirocyclic, fully saturated appendages (that are themselves uncharacteristic of the known FFA1 ligand space) were further decorated with diverse polar groups (such as basic heterocycles or secondary amides). To our surprise, while seven of nine compounds were found to be inactive (likely due to the decrease in lipophilicity, which is known to be detrimental to FFA1 ligand affinity), two compounds containing 2-pyridyloxy and 2-pyrimidinyloxy groups were found to have EC₅₀ of 1.621 and 0.904 µM, respectively. This result is significant in the context of the worldwide quest for more polar FFA1 agonists, which would be devoid of liver toxicity effects earlier observed for a FFA1 agonist fasiglifam (TAk-875) in clinical studies.</p

Discovery of Strecker-type α-aminonitriles as a new class of human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors using differential scanning fluorimetry

<p>A new type of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors was identified via differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) screening. The compounds displayed interesting inhibition profile against human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII with an obvious selectivity displayed by one compound toward carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX, an established anti-cancer target. A hypothetical mechanism of inhibitory action by the Strecker-type α-aminonitriles has been proposed.</p

Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of SO₂‑Containing Azabicyclo[3.<i>n</i>.1]alkanes: Promising Building Blocks for Drug Discovery

A set of novel SO₂-containing azabicyclo­[3.<i>n</i>.1]­alkanes has been synthesized by the double-Mannich annulation of of the corresponding monocyclic S-ketones. These compounds have been rationally designed as 3D-shaped, conformationally restricted SO₂-containing building blocks for drug discovery

Photochemical Synthesis of 3‑Azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes: Advanced Building Blocks for Drug Discovery

We have developed a rapid two-step synthesis of substituted 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]­heptanes which are attractive building blocks for drug discovery. This new method utilizes very common chemicals, benzaldehyde, allylamine, and cinnamic acid, via intramolectular [2+2]-photochemical cyclization

Photochemical Synthesis of 2‑Azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes: Advanced Building Blocks for Drug Discovery. Synthesis of 2,3-Ethanoproline

Intramolecular photochemical [2 + 2]-cyclization of acetophenone enamides gave 2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]­heptanes, advanced building blocks for drug discovery. Synthesis of a conformationally restricted analogue of proline, 2,3-ethanoproline, was performed