LncRNA VEAL2 regulates PRKCB2 to modulate endothelial permeability in diabetic retinopathy

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of endothelial cell function. Here, we investigated the role of a novel vascular endothelial‐associated lncRNA (VEAL2) in regulating endothelial permeability. Precise editing of veal2 loci in zebrafish (veal2 (gib005Δ8/+)) induced cranial hemorrhage. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that veal2 competes with diacylglycerol for interaction with protein kinase C beta‐b (Prkcbb) and regulates its kinase activity. Using PRKCB2 as bait, we identified functional ortholog of veal2 in humans from HUVECs and named it as VEAL2. Overexpression and knockdown of VEAL2 affected tubulogenesis and permeability in HUVECs. VEAL2 was differentially expressed in choroid tissue in eye and blood from patients with diabetic retinopathy, a disease where PRKCB2 is known to be hyperactivated. Further, VEAL2 could rescue the effects of PRKCB2‐mediated turnover of endothelial junctional proteins thus reducing hyperpermeability in hyperglycemic HUVEC model of diabetic retinopathy. Based on evidence from zebrafish and hyperglycemic HUVEC models and diabetic retinopathy patients, we report a hitherto unknown VEAL2 lncRNA‐mediated regulation of PRKCB2, for modulating junctional dynamics and maintenance of endothelial permeability

Clinicopathological correlates of pediatric head and neck cancer

<b>Background</b> : The spectrum of head and neck tumors in children continues to be the cause of diverse, diagnostically challenging issues. <b> Aims</b> : To demonstrate and compare the unique clinicopathological features in our study population and their correlations with the final histopathological diagnosis. <b> Methods</b> : Fifty-three children with head and neck cancer were examined thoroughly at the Otorhinolaryngology department in a tertiary care teaching hospital followed by histopathological studies. <b> Results</b> : Lymphomas were the most common malignant lesions seen followed by rhabdomyosarcomas, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and others like thyroid carcinomas and eosinophilic granulomas. In the neck, the commonest cause of primary malignant disease was lymphoma; however, the most frequent lesion was reactive lymphadenitis. In the sinonasal region, the commonest malignancy was rhabdomyosarcoma, which often had extension to the orbit and the face. Recurrent epistaxis was found universally in the malignant cases of this region. In the facial region, disfiguring swelling with proptosis was mainly caused by rhabdomyosarcoma. The only case of tonsillar malignancy was due to non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The duration of disease was less than 1 year. <b>Conclusion</b> : The most common manifestation of the malignant lesions in the pediatric age group was with a history of an enlarging, painless neck swelling. Still, an insignificant lump in the neck or recurrent bleeding from nose may be the manifestation of an underlying cancer

Indian medicinal plants known to contain intestinal glucosidase inhibitors also inhibit pancreatic lipase activity—An ideal situation for obesity control by herbal drugs

32-39Dietary excess of lipids causes substantial health disorders like hyperlipemia, obesity and cardiovascular problems. Use of lipase and α-glucosidase inhibitors in combination is considered to be the ideal therapy for obesity control. Anti-obesity activity of natural products is usually assessed by inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity by the preparations. We have reported earlier that some known hypoglycemic medicinal plants, such as, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Eugenia jambolana Lam., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers and Trigonella foenum-graceum L. contain α-glucosidase inhibitors. The present study reports that their plant extracts also inhibit pancreatic lipase activity. The methanolic extracts showed an IC50 value (µg/mL) of 230+20, 520+15, 360+25 and 564+12 for E. jambolana (stem-bark), A. indica (root), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">T. cordifolia (leaves) and T. foenum-graceum (seeds), respectively. Bioassay guided partial purification yielded active fractions with IC50 (µg/mL) of 23+5 (E. jambolana), 14+3 (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">A. indica) and 11+2.5 (T. cordifolia). All the active fractions inhibited the enzyme in a mixed-competitive manner with Ki and Ki’ values (µg/mL) as 1.26+0.22, 3.96+0.28 (E. jambolana); 0.95+0.46, 2.3+0.16 (A. indica); and 1.1+0.2, 4.2+0.26 (T. cordifolia)

Clinicopathological correlates of pediatric head and neck cancer

Background : The spectrum of head and neck tumors in children continues to be the cause of diverse, diagnostically challenging issues. Aims : To demonstrate and compare the unique clinicopathological features in our study population and their correlations with the final histopathological diagnosis. Methods : Fifty-three children with head and neck cancer were examined thoroughly at the Otorhinolaryngology department in a tertiary care teaching hospital followed by histopathological studies. Results : Lymphomas were the most common malignant lesions seen followed by rhabdomyosarcomas, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and others like thyroid carcinomas and eosinophilic granulomas. In the neck, the commonest cause of primary malignant disease was lymphoma; however, the most frequent lesion was reactive lymphadenitis. In the sinonasal region, the commonest malignancy was rhabdomyosarcoma, which often had extension to the orbit and the face. Recurrent epistaxis was found universally in the malignant cases of this region. In the facial region, disfiguring swelling with proptosis was mainly caused by rhabdomyosarcoma. The only case of tonsillar malignancy was due to non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The duration of disease was less than 1 year. Conclusion : The most common manifestation of the malignant lesions in the pediatric age group was with a history of an enlarging, painless neck swelling. Still, an insignificant lump in the neck or recurrent bleeding from nose may be the manifestation of an underlying cancer

Purification and charactcrisation of a fl-glucosidase (cellobiase)from a mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus

A ~-ghimsidase with cel~ activity was porifh~d to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of the Te~tomyces d.rpeatat The enzyme had optimum activity at pH $.0 and temperature 6S°C and was stable up to 60°C and within pH 2-10. Among the subs/rates tested, p-nitrophenyl.B.D-ghieopyranoside and ¢ellobiose were hydrolysed best by the enzyme. K. and g. values for these substrates were 0.5, 1.25 mM and 95, 91 pmol/min per m~ respectively. The enzyme had low activity towards gentiobiose, salicin and O-metbyl-~glucoside. Glucose and cellebiese inhibited the fl-D-glucosidase (P~) activity competilivdy with K I of 1.7 and 19 mM, respectively. Molecular mass of the native enzyme was approximated to be 450 kDa by HPLC, whereas sodium dodecyl sulphate pelyacrylamide gel electrophoresls indicated a molecular mass of II0 kDa. The high molecular weight enzyme protein was pr--,~mt both intracellularly and extracellulady from the very early gro~ phase. The enzyme had a pi of 4.5 and appeared to be a glycoprotel

Efficient Data Mining Model for Question Retrieval and Question Analytics using Semantic Web Framework in Smart E-Learning Environment

In the field of Information recovery, the fundamental target is to discover important just as most applicable data concerning a few questions. However, the essential issue regarding recuperation has reliably been, that the request for an area is enormous so much that it has gotten very difficult to recuperate applicable information capably. In any case, with the latest progressions in profound learning and AI models, calculations, applications brilliant and computerized data recovery component matched with text examination to decide different characterizing boundaries alongside intricacy and weight-age assurance of inquiries. By focusing, the cutoff points and hardships, like CPU cost, efficiency, automation and congruity, we have assigned our information recuperation structure, particularly towards the Academic Institutional Domain to consider the interest of various association related inquiries. The aim is to make an efficient data mining and an analytical model that can automate an efficient question retrieval and analysis for complexity and weight-age determination

Relevant Influence of Semantic Web Framework on Smart E-Learning Environment

E-Learning systems have unbound prospects to deliver unmatched effective learning services and feedback assistance than what it is presently offering through mediums like online tutoring, or other electronic educational management services. Different stages and application potentials of Semantic Web technology and it’s architecture can be applied at different sectors and phases of the E-Learning framework to amplify the quality and versatility of services. Features of Semantic Web have been explored in the sectors with respect to instructors to plan, analyse and execute their tasks and also in making a sustainable system that interprets the structure of distributed, self organized, and self-instructed online learning to monitor it’s influence on performance. The main objective of this work is to study how electronic and online learning frameworks can be improved and enhanced by the influence of semantic web technologies in understanding and simplifying concept clarification and description, reusable learning objects (LOs), and benefits of the applying ontology in describing the learning materials for a better and more efficient learning system