Index of existing data sources for Chincoteague, Sinepuxent, Assawoman and Little Assawoman Bays : report to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources

Available data on the Chincoteague - Assawoman Bay system have been reviewed, indexed and summarized. Water quality data (including sources), other biological studies, hydrographic data, geological data and socioeconomic studies are included

Retarded Postimplantation Development of X0 Mouse Embryos: Impact of the Parental Origin of the Monosomic X Chromosome

AbstractAbout 12–17% of the embryos obtained by mating mice carrying the In(X)1H orPafmutations are of the 39,X (X0) genotype. Depending on the mutant mice used for mating, the monosomic X chromosome can be inherited from the paternal (XP) or the maternal (XM) parent. The XP0 embryos display developmental retardation at gastrulation and early organogenesis. XP0 embryos also display poor development of the ectoplacental cone, which is significantly smaller in size and contains fewer trophoblasts than XX siblings. In contrast, XM0 embryos develop normally and are indistinguishable from XX littermates. In both types of X0 embryos, an X-linkedlacZtransgene is expressed in nearly all cells in both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues, suggesting that X inactivation does not occur when only one X is present. Of particular significance is the maintenance of an active XPchromosome in the extraembryonic tissues where normally the paternal X chromosome is preferentially inactivated in XX embryos. The differential impact of the inheritance of X chromosomes from different parents on the development of the X0 embryos raises the possibility that the XPis less capable than the XMin providing the appropriate dosage of X-linked activity that is necessary to support normal development of the embryo and the ectoplacental cone. Alternatively, the development of the XP0 embryo may be compromised by the lack of activity of one or several X-linked genes which are expressed only from the maternal X chromosome. Without the activity of these genes, embryonic development may be curtailed even though all other loci on the XPchromosome are actively transcribed

High basal expression of interferon-stimulated genes in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells contributes to influenza A virus resistance

Respiratory epithelial cells play a key role in influenza A virus (IAV) pathogenesis and host innate response. Transformed human respiratory cell lines are widely used in the study of IAV−host interactions due to their relative convenience, and inherent difficulties in working with primary cells. Transformed cells, however, may have altered susceptibility to virus infection. Proper characterization of different respiratory cell types in their responses to IAV infection is therefore needed to ensure that the cell line chosen will provide results that are of relevance in vivo. We compared replication kinetics of human H1N1 (A/USSR/77) IAVs in normal primary human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) and two commonly used respiratory epithelial cell lines namely BEAS-2B and A549 cells. We found that IAV replication was distinctly poor in BEAS-2B cells in comparison with NHBE, A549 and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. IAV resistance in BEAS-2B cells was accompanied by an activated antiviral state with high basal expression of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor-7 (IRF-7), stimulator of IFN genes (STING) and IFN stimulated genes (ISGs). Treatment of BEAS-2B cells with a pan-Janus-activated-kinase (JAK) inhibitor decreased IRF-7 and ISG expression and resulted in increased IAV replication. Therefore, the use of highly resistant BEAS-2B cells in IAV infection may not reflect the cytopathogenicity of IAV in human epithelial cells in vivo

Serendipitous compositional and structural diversity in urotropine adducts of binary cadmium xanthates

Three new compounds, Cd(S2COMe)2(hmta) (1), Cd(S2COEt)2(hmta)0.5 (2) and Cd(S2COiPr)2(hmta) (3), have been isolated from a systematic study of adduct formation between Cd(S2COR)2, R=Me, Et and iPr, precursors and potentially polydentate hmta; hmta is urotropine (hexamethylenetetramine). The compounds have been characterised by a variety of spectroscopic techniques including a photoluminescence study in both solution and the solid-state, as well as by thermal methods. Crystallography shows 1 to have μ2-bridging hmta leading to a one-dimensional coordination polymer. This framework is essentially repeated in 2 but with a μ3-bridging hmta so that Cd(S2COEt)2 entities decorate the chain. By contrast, a binuclear zero-dimensional aggregate with terminally bound hmta is found in 3. The influence of steric bulk of the alkyl substituents in Cd(S2COR)2 is pivotal in determining the ultimate structural outcome

12-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3,4,12-tetrahydro-1H-5-oxatetraphen-1-one: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis

In the title compound, C26H24O5, the pyran ring has a flattened-boat con­formation, with the 1,4-related ether O and methine C atoms lying 0.1205 (18) and 0.271 (2) Å, respectively, above the least-squares plane involving the doubly bonded C atoms (r.m.s deviation = 0.0208 Å). An envelope conformation is found for the cyclo­hexene ring, with the flap atom being the middle methyl­ene C atom, lying 0.616 (2) Å out of the plane defined by the remaining atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0173 Å). The fused four-ring system is approximately planar, with the dihedral angle between the least-squares planes through the cyclo­hexene and naphthyl rings being 10.78 (7)°. The tris­ubstituted benzene ring occupies a position almost perpendicular to the pyran ring [dihedral angle = 83.97 (4)°]. The most prominent feature of the packing is the formation of zigzag supra­molecular chains mediated by aryl-C-H...O(meth­oxy) inter­actions; chains are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by methyl­ene- and methyl-C-H...[pi] inter­actions. The prevalence of C-H...O and C-H...[pi] inter­actions is confirmed by an analysis of the Hirshfeld surface. A comparison with related structures suggests that the mol­ecular conformation of the title compound is relatively robust with respect to varying substitution patterns at the methine C atom of the pyran ring

The Ubiquitin Ligase Adaptor NDFIP1 Selectively Enforces a CD8⁺ T Cell Tolerance Checkpoint to High-Dose Antigen

Escape from peripheral tolerance checkpoints that control cytotoxic CD8+ T cells is important for cancer immunotherapy and autoimmunity, but pathways enforcing these checkpoints are mostly uncharted. We reveal that the HECT-type ubiquitin ligase activator, NDFIP1, enforces a cell-intrinsic CD8+ T cell checkpoint that desensitizes TCR signaling during in vivo exposure to high antigen levels. Ndfip1-deficient OT-I CD8+ T cells responding to high exogenous tolerogenic antigen doses that normally induce anergy aberrantly expanded and differentiated into effector cells that could precipitate autoimmune diabetes in RIP-OVAhi mice. In contrast, NDFIP1 was dispensable for peripheral deletion to low-dose exogenous or pancreatic islet-derived antigen and had little impact upon effector responses to Listeria or acute LCMV infection. These data provide evidence that NDFIP1 mediates a CD8+ T cell tolerance checkpoint, with a different mechanism to CD4+ T cells, and indicates that CD8+ T cell deletion and anergy are molecularly separable checkpoints.This work was funded by NIH grant U19-AI100627, by an Australian Government Research Training Program Domestic Scholarship (to M.V.W.), by a Sydney Parker Smith Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from the Cancer Council of Victoria (to J.M.M.), and by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) through Program Grants 1016953, 1113904, and 1054925, Australia Fellowship 585490 (to C.C.G.), Senior Principal Research Fellowship 1081858 (to C.C.G.), CJ Martin Early Career Fellowship 585518 (to I.A.P.), and Independent Research Institutes Infrastructure Support Scheme Grant 361646. Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and WEHI acknowledge the strong support from the Victorian Government and in particular funding from the Operational Infrastructure Support Grant

The effects of PTSD treatment during pregnancy: systematic review and case study

Background: PTSD in pregnant women is associated with adverse outcomes for mothers and their children. It is unknown whether pregnant women with PTSD, or symptoms of PTSD, can receive targeted treatment that is safe and effective. Objective: The purpose of the present paper was to assess the effectiveness and safety of treatment for (symptoms of) PTSD in pregnant women. Method: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines in Pubmed, Embase, PsychINFO, and Cochrane. In addition, a case is presented of a pregnant woman with PTSD who received eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy aimed at processing the memories of a previous distressing childbirth. Results: In total, 13 studies were included, involving eight types of interventions (i.e. trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy, exposure therapy, EMDR therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, explorative therapy, self-hypnosis and relaxation, Survivor Moms Companion, and Seeking Safety Intervention). In three studies, the traumatic event pertained to a previous childbirth. Five studies reported obstetrical outcomes. After requesting additional information, authors of five studies indicated an absence of serious adverse events. PTSD symptoms improved in 10 studies. However, most studies carried a high risk of bias. In our case study, a pregnant woman with a PTSD diagnosis based on DSM-5 no longer fulfilled the criteria of PTSD after three sessions of EMDR therapy. She had an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery. Conclusion: Despite the fact that case studies as the one presented here report no adverse events, and treatment is likely safe, due to the poor methodological quality of most studies it is impossible to allow inferences on the effects of any particular treatment of PTSD (symptoms) during pregnancy. Yet, given the elevated maternal stress and cortisol levels in pregnant women with PTSD, and the fact that so far no adverse effects on the unborn child have been reported associated with the application of trauma-focused therapy, treatment of PTSD during pregnancy is most likely safe

Chemically enhanced sunlight for killing bacteria

Solar ultraviolet ( UV) photocatalyzed oxidation of chemicals with titanium dioxid

Hydrogen bonding in 2,6-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-one methanol solvate

The crystal structure analysis of a 2,6-diaryl 4-piperidone derivative, isolated as a mono-methanol solvate, reveals that both the piperidone and the methanol molecule lie on a crystallographic mirror plane. A chair conformation is found for the piperidone ring with the aryl and methyl groups in equatorial positions. The most prominent feature of the molecular packing is the formation of supramolecular zigzag chains mediated by amine-N–H···O(methanol) and hydroxyl-O–H···N(amine) hydrogen bonds, i.e. the methanol molecule serves as a bridge between piperidone molecules. The molecular structure is compared with that determined in an unsolvated form and the gas-phase equilibrium structure, obtained using density-functional theory (DFT); differences relate, in the main, to the relative dispositions of the aryl rings. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces of the experimental structures indicates very similar relative contributions with the notable exception being the contribution by O···H/H···O which at 13.7% in the methanol solvate is >8.5% in the unsolvated form

Developmental synchrony of thalamocortical circuits in the neonatal brain

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.039Neuroimage116168-176GUSTO (Growing up towards Healthy Outcomes