16,925 research outputs found
An Adaptive Policy Management Approach to BGP Convergence
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the current inter-domain routing protocol used to exchange reachability information between Autonomous Systems (ASes) in the Internet. BGP supports policy-based routing which allows each AS to independently adopt a set of local policies that specify which routes it accepts and advertises from/to other networks, as well as which route it prefers when more than one route becomes available. However, independently chosen local policies may cause global conflicts, which result in protocol divergence. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, called Adaptive Policy Management Scheme (APMS), to resolve policy conflicts in a distributed manner. Akin to distributed feedback control systems, each AS independently classifies the state of the network as either conflict-free or potentially-conflicting by observing its local history only (namely, route flaps). Based on the degree of measured conflicts (policy conflict-avoidance vs. -control mode), each AS dynamically adjusts its own path preferences—increasing its preference for observably stable paths over flapping paths. APMS also includes a mechanism to distinguish route flaps due to topology changes, so as not to confuse them with those due to policy conflicts. A correctness and convergence analysis of APMS based on the substability property of chosen paths is presented. Implementation in the SSF network simulator is performed, and simulation results for different performance metrics are presented. The metrics capture the dynamic performance (in terms of instantaneous throughput, delay, routing load, etc.) of APMS and other competing solutions, thus exposing the often neglected aspects of performance.National Science Foundation (ANI-0095988, EIA-0202067, ITR ANI-0205294
Dymamical Casimir emission from polariton condensates
We study theoretically the dynamical Casimir effect in an exciton-polariton
condensate that is suddenly created by an ultrashort laser pulse at normal
incidence. As a consequence of the abrupt change of the quantum vacuum,
Bogoliubov excitations are generated. The subsequent evolution, governed by
polariton interactions and losses, is studied within a linearized truncted
Wigner approximation. We focus in particular on the momentum distribution and
spatial coherence. The limiting behavior at large and small momenta is
determined analytically. A simple scaling relation for the final condensate
depletion as a function of the system parameters is found and the correlation
length is shown to depend linearly on the condensate depletion.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Basis Criteria for Generalized Spline Modules via Determinant
Given a graph whose edges are labeled by ideals of a commutative ring R with
identity, a generalized spline is a vertex labeling by the elements of R such
that the difference of the labels on adjacent vertices lies in the ideal
associated to the edge. The set of generalized splines has a ring and an
R-module structure. We study the module structure of generalized splines where
the base ring is a greatest common divisor domain. We give basis criteria for
generalized splines on cycles, diamond graphs and trees by using determinantal
techniques. In the last section of the paper, we define a graded module
structure for generalized splines and give some applications of the basis
criteria for cycles, diamond graphs and trees.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure
Dynamical quantum depletion in polariton condensates
We present a theoretical study of the quantum depletion of microcavity
polaritons that are excited with a resonant laser pulse. The dynamics of the
quantum fluctuations are interpreted in the context of quantum quenches in
general and in terms of the dynamical Casimir effect in particular. We compute
the time evolution of the first and second order correlation functions of the
polariton condensate. Our theoretical modelling is based on the truncated
Wigner approximation for interacting Bose gases. For homogeneous systems,
analytical results are obtained in the linearised Bogoliubov approximation.
Inhomogeneous systems are studied numerically by Monte Carlo simulations.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figure
When It’s Okay That I Don’t Play: Social Norms and the Situated Construal of Social Exclusion
Being excluded and ignored has been shown to threaten fundamental human needs and cause pain. Such reflexive reactions to social exclusion have been conceptualized as direct and unmoderated (temporal need threat model of ostracism). Here, we propose an extension and argue that reflexive reactions depend on how social exclusion situations are construed. If being excluded is understood as a violation of an inclusion norm, individuals will react with pain and threat. In contrast, if being excluded is consistent with the prevailing norm, the exclusion situation is interpreted as less threatening, and negative reflexive reactions to ostracism should be attenuated. Four studies empirically support this conceptual model. Studies 3 and 4 further show that to guide situated construal, the norm has to be endorsed by the individual. In both Studies 1 and 3, the effect of the norm is mediated by the objective situation’s subjective construal
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Component processes of early reading, spelling, and narrative writing skills in Turkish: a longitudinal study
The study examined: (a) the role of phonological, grammatical, and rapid automatized naming (RAN) skills in reading and spelling development; and (b) the component processes of early narrative writing skills. Fifty-seven Turkish-speaking children were followed from Grade 1 to Grade 2. RAN was the most powerful longitudinal predictor of reading speed and its effect was evident even when previous reading skills were taken into account. Broadly, the phonological and grammatical skills made reliable contributions to spelling performance but their effects were completely mediated by previous spelling skills. Different aspects of the narrative writing skills were related to different processing skills. While handwriting speed predicted writing fluency, spelling accuracy predicted spelling error rate. Vocabulary and working memory were the only reliable longitudinal predictors of the quality of composition content. The overall model, however, failed to explain any reliable variance in the structural quality of the composition
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