Aspects of Light in Photography

Light is not only a basic condition for photographic process but also a versatile tool for photographic image-making and a metaphorical agent for photographic expression. In a cross-cultural context, there are universal but complex religious interpretations of light phenomena; light has been associated with mystical experience and alchemical process and has been symbolic of enlightenment or salvation. In literature light implies many ideas, e.g. the colorless all-color of atheism (Helville) and the inexplicable human condition (Beckett). Current attitudes toward light, generated by advances in technology, dominate fading religious concerns. Among twentieth century photographers, C.H. White and George Seeley used light to express traditional values which Alfred Stieglitz discarded in favor of personal, unverbalized meaning; Minor White evolved a systematized approach to the meaning of light. Edward Weston, in comparison, considered light in a utilitarian context: light was not a subject in its own right but instead aided the explication of the subject\u27s essence. Two artists who have expanded current understanding of light in art in general are Laszlo Moholy-Nagy and Dan Flavin. Moholy thought of light as a separate medium for artistic expression and as a link between technology and the arts. Flavin, using common fluorescent tubes, directs the viewer\u27s attention away from the glowing object and toward the viewer\u27s own reaction to light as phenomenon. In both cases secondary meaning is eliminated in favor of utilitarian and phenomenological considerations. Among contemporary photographers, Ray Metzker uses light, based on perception, to elicit nonverbal, visceral understanding of eternal human dilemmas. Roger Mertin, using light in an intuitive, responsive way, switches attention from the meaning of light in the photograph to the effect of light on the film. The dichotomy between light as utilitarian but noteworthy tool and light as agent of perception and meaning continues, although traditional connotations of light have dwindled

Drilling for placer deposits of gold and platinum in the jungles of Colombia

In the following report I have made no attempt to white-wash or to exaggerate conditions as I found them in the Choco. In plain language I have endeavored to give the reader a picture of the obstacles met, and overcome by the engineer in his search for placer deposits of gold and platinum with the prospect drill in the jungle --Foreword, page 1

Radioactive Waste Disposal: The Emerging Issue of States\u27 Rights

The purpose of this article is to examine the issue of the state role in federal nuclear programs and the need for Congressional action to insure that states will have an active role in federal decisions to dispose of radioactive waste within their jurisdictions

Symposium on Hot Spots in International Law

To anyone concerned about deterring future wars and war crimes and strengthening the rule of law, the panelists in this symposium bring fresh insights and encouragement. The University of Akron School of Law, the International Law Society, and the Akron Law Review are to be commended for bringing these experts and their discussion of this important subject to a wide audience at such a crucial time

Wanted, fidelity not tears : an assessment of gaps in the U.S. orphan care movement

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/1898/thumbnail.jp

A thermalized ion explosion model for high energy sputtering and track registration

A velocity spectrum of neutral sputtered particles as well as a low resolution mass spectrum of sputtered molecular ions was measured for 4.74 MeV F-19(+2) incident of UF4. The velocity spectrum is dramatically different from spectra taken with low energy (keV) bombarding ions, and is shown to be consistent with a hot plasma of atoms in thermal equilibrium inside the target. A thermalized ion explosion model is proposed for high energy sputtering which is expected to describe track formation in dielectric materials. The model is shown to be consistent with the observed total sputtering yield and the dependence of the yield on the primary ionization rate of the incident ion

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE P85 BH DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH BINDING PARTNERS AND EFFECT OF MUTATIONS

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) pathway is activated upon stimulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and regulates downstream pathways involved in cell survival, cell growth, cell cycle progression, and protein expression. The protein p85 is uniquely positioned to both positively and negatively regulate the PI3K/PTEN pathway through its interactions with various protein partners including p110, PTEN, and Rab5. The PI3K/PTEN pathway has been shown to be dysregulated in a variety of cancers, including cancers of the breast, prostate, endometrium, and urothelial tract. A better understanding of the interaction between p85 and its various binding partners can further elucidate the mechanisms through which cancer-associated mutations lead to dysregulation of the PI3K/PTEN pathway. To this end we pursued obtaining crystal structure data for the p85 BH domain, alone and in complex with binding partners PTEN and Rab5. Crystal structures were successfully obtained for the bovine p85 BH domain wild-type, individual cancer-associated mutations (E137K, E217K, R262T, E297K), and the engineered mutation R228E. Protein complexes between the p85 BH domain and PTEN or Rab5 were not purified in suitable concentrations for crystallography experiments, and so no structural data was collected for these complexes. Within the p85 BH domain structure a pair of highly coordinated regions of electron density were observed, likely sulfate molecules based on the composition of the crystallization buffer. These regions were coordinated by the p85 residues K224, R228, H234, W237, and Q241. These two highly coordinated regions of electron density were visible for all structures obtained, except the engineered R228E mutant, in which one of these densities was absent. Due to the consist presence of these densities, it was proposed that this region may serve as a potentially uncharacterized binding pocket. Crystallization solutions were prepared exposing crystals of the p85 BH domain to nucleotides, phosphorylated amino acids, or phospholipids, based on the structural similarity between phosphate and sulfate ions. No bound compounds were visible within the determined structures, although high levels of sulfate in the crystallization buffer may have prevented binding of the lower concentration additives. To test p85 for lipid binding in the absence of sulfate, experiments were performed using phosphatidylinositol lipid strips. Direct binding of p85 to lipids present on the lipid strips was detected, with the p85 BH domain alone being sufficient for lipid binding. These results suggest a novel function for the p85 BH domain in direct binding to lipid, which may play a role in regulation of binding partners such as PTEN

A Thermalized Ion Explosion Model for High Energy Sputtering and Track Registration

A velocity spectrum of neutral sputtered particles as well as a low resolution mass spectrum of sputtered molecular ions has been measured for 4.74 MeV 19F+2 incident on UF4. The velocity spectrum is dramatically different from spectra taken with low energy (keV) bombarding ions, and is shown to be consistent with a hot plasma of atoms in thermal equilibrium inside the target. We propose a "thermalized ion explosion" model for high energy sputtering which is also expected to describe track formation in dielectric materials. The model is shown to be consistent with the observed total sputtering yield and the dependence of the yield on the primary ionization rate of the incident ion.</p

Rat Model of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Rhinosinusitis

ObjectivesIt has been proposed that microbial persistence, superantigen (SA) production, and host T-cell response may be involved in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis. According to the SA hypothesis, a single intranasal application of SA such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) may induce chronic eosinophilic rhinosinusitis. This study aimed to develop a rat model of rhinosinusitis induced by intranasally applied SEB.MethodsForty µL of SEB (100 µg/mL) or phosphate buffered saline was applied intranasally through each naris in 4 week-old Sprague-Dawley test rats (N=36) and controls (N=16), respectively. Following sacrifice at 1, 5, 14, and 28 days, the obtained nasal cavity and sinuses were prepared for histologic investigation. The histologic sections were examined in a blind manner for the ratio of the sinus spaces occupied by inflammatory cell clusters and the number of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria.ResultsInfiltration of neutrophils in the lamina propria and appearance of neutrophil clusters in the sinus spaces were observed in the SEB-applied rats. The ratio of the sinus spaces occupied by neutrophil clusters and the number of neutrophils infiltrated in the lamina propria increased significantly at day 1 as compared with the control rats.ConclusionIntranasally applied SEB induces acute neutrophilic rhinosinusitis in rats. Eosinophilic inflammation was not demonstrated. The mere presence of SA in the nose does not necessarily induce SA-induced inflammation, as suggested by the SA hypothesis