Effect of differential uniform temperature with thickness-wise linear temperature gradient oninterfacial stresses of a bi-material assembly

The thermal mismatch induced interfacial stresses are one of the major reliability issues in electronic packaging and composite materials. Consequently an understanding of the nature of the interfacial stresses under different temperature conditions is essential in order to eliminate or reduce the risk of structural and functional failure. Approach: In this analysis, a model was proposed for the shearing and peeling stresses occurring at the interface of two bonded dissimilar materials with the effect of different uniform temperatures in the layers. The model was then upgraded by accounting thickness wise linear temperature gradients in the layers using two temperature drop ratios. The upgraded models were then compared with the existing uniform temperature model. The proposed model can be seen as a more generalized form to predict interfacial stresses at different temperature conditions that may occur in the layers. Results: The results were presented for an electronic bi-material package consisting of die and die-attach. Conclusion: The numerical simulation is in a good matching agreement with analytical results

Potential Of Renewable Wave And Offshore Wind Energy Sources In Malaysia.

Malaysia is a country vastly surrounded by water. Wave power and offshore wind power has been recognised by the international community as a renewable clean energy source. Analysis was conducted for the potential of wave energy and wind energy along the coastline of Malaysia from the data obtained by the Malaysia Meteorological Service (MMS) from 1985 to 2000

The Potential Of Wave And Offshore Wind Energy In Around The Coastline Of Malaysia That.Face The South China Sea.

The world wide estimated wave energy resource is more than 2 TW. Offshore wind speeds are generally higher than wind speeds over land, hence higher available energy resource. The estimated offshore wind potential in European waters alone is in excess of2500 TWh/annum. Offshore area also provides larger area for deploying wind energy devices. In recent year efforts to promote these two types of renewable and green energy sources have been intensify. Using the data obtained from the Malaysia Meteorological Service (MMS) analysis was conducted for the potential of wave energy and wind energy along the coastline of Malaysia facing the South China Sea. Maps of wave power potential were produced. The mean vector wind speed and direction were tabulated

A comprehensive review of contemporary literature for epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer and their toxicity

© 2020 Lee et al. Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are common amongst those with non-small cell lung cancer and represent a major factor in treatment decisions, most notably in the advanced stages. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the EGFR, such as erlotinib, gefitinib, icotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib and osimertinib, have all shown to be effective in this setting. Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI, is a favorable option, but almost all patients develop resistance at some time point. There are no effective treatment options for patients who progress on osimertinib, but ongoing trials will hopefully address this unmet need. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the data with EGFR TKIs, management of the toxicities and the ongoing trials with this class of agents

Wind Characteristics Influencing Wind Energy.

Usually the wind speed for a particular site is given at a standard reference height of 10m. However, in the context of wind turbines, the hub height is a natural choice for estimating the power potential

Wind Characteristics Influencing Wind Energy.

Usually the wind speed for a particular site is given at a standard reference height of 10 m. However, in the context of wind turbines, the hub height is a natural choice for estimating the power potential

Effect of Rotation on Natural Convection in Differentially Heated Rotating Enclosure by Numerical Simulation

Natural convection heat transfer in a two dimensional unsteady rotating differentially heated enclosure is studied numerically in this paper. The enclosure is filled with air and executes a steady counterclockwise rotation about the centre of the enclosure. A finite volume code on a staggered grid arrangement with TDMA algorithm is developed and employed to solve the governing equations subject to Boussinesq approximation. The numerical investigation is carried out for fixed Prandtl number equal to 0.71, Rayleigh number equal to1.1×〖10〗^5 while Taylors number vary from5.2×〖10〗^4 to 3.3×〖10〗^5and Rotational Rayleigh number from 4.9×〖10〗^2 to 3.1×〖10〗^3.Results reveal that there are considerable change in heat transfer rates beyond 15 rpm. The effect of rotation on the Nusselt number for a given Rayleigh number is shown in the present work which is not normally indicated and discussed in the available literatur

A randomized, phase 2 trial of docetaxel with or without PX-866, an irreversible oral phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer

INTRODUCTION: The phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is frequently altered in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). PX-866 is an oral, irreversible, pan-isoform inhibitor of PI3K. Preclinical models revealed synergy with docetaxel and a phase 1 trial demonstrated tolerability of this combination. This randomized phase 2 study evaluated PX-866 combined with docetaxel in patients with advanced, refractory HNSCC. METHODS: Patients with locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic HNSCC who had received at least one and no more than two prior systemic treatment regimens were randomized (1:1) to a combination of docetaxel (75mg/m(2) IV every 21days) with or without PX-866 (8mg PO daily; Arms A and B, respectively). The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (RR), overall survival (OS), toxicity, and correlation of biomarker analyses with efficacy outcomes. RESULTS: 85 patients were enrolled. There was a non-significant improvement in response rate in the combination arm (14% vs. 5%; P=0.13). Median PFS was 92days in Arm A and 82days in Arm B (P=0.42). There was no difference in OS between the two arms (263 vs. 195days; P=0.62). Grade 3 or higher adverse events were infrequent, but more common in the combination arm with respect to diarrhea (17% vs. 2%), nausea (7% vs. 0%), and febrile neutropenia (21% vs. 5%); grade 3 or higher anemia was more frequent in arm B (7% vs. 27%). PIK3CA mutations or PTEN loss were infrequently observed. CONCLUSION: The addition of PX-866 to docetaxel did not improve PFS, RR, or OS in patients with advanced, refractory HNSCC without molecular pre-selection

Open Data from the Third Observing Run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO

The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at https://gwosc.org. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages