Experimental validation of some basic assumptions used in physically based soil

In spring 2009, four rill experiments were accomplished on a fallow land. Most external factors as well as discharge quantity (9 L min-1) were held constant or at least in the same range. Following most process based soil erosion models, detachment or runoff values should therefore be similar, but the experimental results show clear differences in sediment concentration, runoff and other measured and calculated values. This fact underlines the problems of process based models: concerning rill erosion, different processes take part and the process described by the models is only responsible for a part of the eroded material

Benefit salience and consumers' selective attention to product features.

Although attention is a key construct in models of marketing communication and consumer choice, its selective nature has rarely been examined in common time-pressured conditions. We focus on the role of benefit salience, that is, the readiness with which particular benefits are brought to mind by consumers in relation to a given product category. Study I demonstrated that when product feature information was presented rapidly, individuals for whom the benefit of personalised customer service had high habitual salience displayed selective attention as evidenced by elevated recall and recognition of a target feature (a bank's ''friendly employees''). Also, as expected, individual differences in habitual benefit salience affected judgements of the target product. Study 2 showed that when subjects were additionally informed about a specific product usage situation, selective attention was primarily influenced by the relevance of the target feature to benefits made salient by the usage situation; individual differences played a less important role. Discussion emphasises theoretical aspects of the findings as well as managerial implications with respect to person-situation approaches to benefit segmentation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.attention; benefit segmentation; individual construct accessibility; usage context; involvement; segmentation; substitution; experiences; memory; recall; choice; link;

The influence of consumers' goals on selective attention to product features.

Although attention is a key construct in models of marketing communications and consumer choice, its selective nature has rarely been examined in the time-pressured conditions that consumers face everyday. We investigate how consumers' goals influence selective attention to product features under such conditions. Specifically, we focus on the role of goal salience, that is, the readiness with which particular goals (e.g., personalized customer service) are brought to mind by consumers in relation to a given product category (e.g., banks). Study1 demonstrated that when product feature information was presented rapidly, individuals for whom the goal of personalized customer service had high chronic or habitual salience displayed selective attention in terms of their elevated recall of a target feature (a bank's 'friendly employees'). Also, as expected, individual differences in chronic goal salience affected judgments of the target product. Study2 showed that when subjects were additionally informed about a specific product usage situation (e.g., being new in town or experiencing difficulty in balancing a checkbook), selective attention was no longer affected by individuals' chronic tendencies. Instead, both feature recall and judgments were influenced by the relevance of the target feature to the goals made salient by the situational context. Discussion emphasizes the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings regarding the role of goal salience in selective attention to product features.Product;

Polaron Transport in the Paramagnetic Phase of Electron-Doped Manganites

The electrical resistivity, Hall coefficient, and thermopower as functions of temperature are reported for lightly electron-doped Ca(1-x)La(x)MnO(3)(0 <= x <= 0.10). Unlike the case of hole-doped ferromagnetic manganites, the magnitude and temperature dependence of the Hall mobility for these compounds is found to be inconsistent with small-polaron theory. The transport data are better described by the Feynman polaron theory and imply intermediate coupling (alpha \~ 5.4) with a band effective mass, m*~4.3 m_0, and a polaron mass, m_p ~ 10 m_0.Comment: 7 pp., 7 Fig.s, to be published, PR

Diffusion of Innovations and Public Communication Campaigns: An Examination of The 4R Nutrient Stewardship Program

This project is an examination of how strategies for innovation in fertilizer application are communicated to agricultural communities. Specifically, this project examines the 4R Nutrient Stewardship Program‒a public ­communication campaign seeking to encourage the use of specific strategies, tools, and best practices in fertilizer application. The campaign is advanced by the Fertilizer Institute, an industry trade association, and targets local agricultural communities within the United States. To understand how this campaign functions to encourage adoption of innovative fertilizer application behaviors, this project draws on the principles of diffusion of innovations theory as well as established concepts within public relations, including issues management

Proposal for manipulating and detecting spin and orbital states of trapped electrons on helium using cavity quantum electrodynamics

We propose to couple an on-chip high finesse superconducting cavity to the lateral-motion and spin state of a single electron trapped on the surface of superfluid helium. We estimate the motional coherence times to exceed 15 microseconds, while energy will be coherently exchanged with the cavity photons in less than 10 nanoseconds for charge states and faster than 1 microsecond for spin states, making the system attractive for quantum information processing and cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments. Strong interaction with cavity photons will provide the means for both nondestructive readout and coupling of distant electrons.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, supplemental material

Dye-tracer-aided investigation of xylem water transport velocity distributions

The vast majority of studies investigating the source depths in the soil of root water uptake with the help of stable water isotopes implicitly assumes that the isotopic signatures of root water uptake and xylem water are identical. In this study we show that this basic assumption is not necessarily valid, since water transport within a plant's xylem is not instantaneous. However, to our knowledge, no study has yet tried to explicitly assess the distribution of water transport velocities within the xylem. With a dye tracer experiment, we were able to visualize how the transport of water through the xylem happens at a wide range of velocities which are distributed unequally throughout the xylem. In an additional virtual experiment we could show that, due to the unequal distribution of transport velocities throughout the xylem, different sampling approaches of stable water isotopes might effectively lead to xylem water samples with different underlying age distributions.</p

Identification of main contributions to conductivity of epitaxial InN

Complex effect of different contributions (spontaneously formed In nanoparticles, near-interface, surface and bulk layers) on electrophysical properties of InN epitaxial films is studied. Transport parameters of the surface layer are determined from the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations measured in undoped and Mg-doped InN films at magnetic fields up to 63 T. It is shown that the In nanoparticles, near-interface and bulk layers play the dominant role in the electrical conductivity of InN, while influence of the surface layer is pronounced only in the compensated low-mobility InN:Mg films

Vafa-Witten Estimates for Compact Symmetric Spaces

We give an optimal upper bound for the first eigenvalue of the untwisted Dirac operator on a compact symmetric space G/H with rk G-rk H\le 1 with respect to arbitrary Riemannian metrics. We also prove a rigidity statement.Comment: LaTeX, 11 pages. V2: Rigidity statement added, minor changes. To appea