Caloric Restriction Affects Liver Microsomal Monooxygenases Differentially in Aging Male Rats

Caloric restriction (CR) extends life span and retards the onset of physiological changes and pathologies associated with aging, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. This study demonstrates that CR postpones the documented age-related declines in and/or enhances the activity and microsomal concentrations of several liver monooxygenases in male rats, i.e., NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, total cytochromes P-450. However, the relative concentration of cytochrome P-450b+c did not exhibit statistically significant changes, whereas another isozyme, the male specific P-450h, declined significantly in both ad libitum-fed and CR rats as a function of increasing age. While CR appears to retard age-associated changes in certain liver enzymes, this effect is by no means universal. The hepatic monooxygenases constitute a well-characterized enzyme system in which to examine the perturbation of the aging process by C

Caloric Restriction Affects Liver Microsomal Monooxygenases Differentially in Aging Male Rats

Caloric restriction (CR) extends life span and retards the onset of physiological changes and pathologies associated with aging, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. This study demonstrates that CR postpones the documented age-related declines in and/or enhances the activity and microsomal concentrations of several liver monooxygenases in male rats, i.e., NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, total cytochromes P-450. However, the relative concentration of cytochrome P-450b+c did not exhibit statistically significant changes, whereas another isozyme, the male specific P-450h, declined significantly in both ad libitum-fed and CR rats as a function of increasing age. While CR appears to retard age-associated changes in certain liver enzymes, this effect is by no means universal. The hepatic monooxygenases constitute a well-characterized enzyme system in which to examine the perturbation of the aging process by CR

Model-based energy recuperation of multi-axis machines

The peak power consumption of multi-axis production machinery (e.g. industrial robots) is determined by the forces during acceleration phases of continuous movements. The required high electric currents represent a cost factor in terms of the mains power supply. In this paper a new Modelica-based method is presented to save the mechanical braking energy of production machinery into a local flywheel-based energy recuperation system (ERS) for later utilization. An ERS has twofold advantages: on the one side it reduces the apparent power peaks from the mains power system. On the other side the overall energy consumption can also be reduced therewith. However; a mechanical ERS with a flywheel needs to be controlled in advance; as its internal inertia and the switched magnetic field introduce some dead time in the process. Therefore; the here presented approach uses an interdisciplinary Modelica model of the machinery to compute future power requirements prior execution of new movements. It is assumed that the machine program is known upfront in a textual form. The movement commands must be carried out with the virtual machine model first. The simulation computes the energy demand; according to which the stored amount of energy within the ERS (i.e. the angular velocity of its flywheel) must be controlled. The here computed reference angular velocity signal is put later also to the real controller; where the physical ERS is attached to as an extra motor. This paper presents the methodology along an example of a 3-axis robotic manipulator that is installed in the VDTC building of the Fraunhofer IFF; Magdeburg. This specific example has been used to validate the concept: 12% less power-consumption and 10% less power peaks were achieved during the operation