Association between dietary patterns and mental disorders in pregnant women in Southern Brazil

To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and mental disorders among pregnant women in southern Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 712 pregnant women recruited from the Study of Food Intake and Eating Behaviors in Pregnancy (ECCAGe). Food intake assessment was performed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was used to evaluate participants’ mental health. Poisson regression models with robust variance were fitted to estimate prevalence ratios (PR). Results: In the adjusted models, there was a high prevalence of major depressive disorder among women with low fruit intake (43%, PR 1.43, 95%CI 1.04-1.95) and high sweets and sugars intake (91%, PR 1.91, 95%CI 1.19-3.07). Women with a common-Brazilian dietary pattern had higher prevalence of major depressive disorder compared to those with a varied consumption pattern (PR 1.43, 95%CI 1.01-2.02). Low intake of beans was significantly associated with generalized anxiety disorder (PR 1.40, 95%CI 1.01-1.93). Conclusions: Low consumption of fruits and beans and intake of the common-Brazilian dietary pattern during pregnancy were associated with higher prevalence of mental disorders. These results reinforce the importance of an adequate dietary intake to ensure better mental health in pregnancy

Franchising as a Strategy for Combining Small and Large Group Advantages (Logics) in Social Entrepreneurship:A Hayekian Perspective

This article develops a Hayekian perspective on social franchising that distinguishes between the end-connected logic of the small group and the rule-connected logic of the big group. Our key claim is that mission-driven social entrepreneurs often draw on the small-group logic when starting their social ventures and then face difficulties when the process of scaling shifts their operations toward a big-group logic. In this situation, social franchising offers a strategy to replicate the small group despite systemwide scaling, to mobilize decentrally accessible social capital, and to reduce agency costs through mechanisms of self-selection and self-monitoring. By employing a Hayekian perspective, we are thus able to offer an explanation as to why social franchising is a suitable scaling strategy for some social entrepreneurship organizations and not for others. We illustrate our work using the Ashoka Fellow Wellcome

Regulation of Sulfate Assimilation in Plants: 7. Cysteine Inactivation of Adenosine 5′-Phosphosulfate Sulfotransferase in Lemna minor L.

When 0.5 mm cysteine is added to cultures of Lemna minor L. growing with sulfate as the sole sulfur source, there is a rapid 80% loss of extractable adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase. This loss is accompanied by an inhibition of sulfate uptake; however, lack of sulfate is not responsible for the decreasing adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity. Cultivation with cysteine causes an increase in the cyst(e)ine pool of L. minor. This fact taken together with the observed inactivation of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase in crude extracts by cysteine suggests that the cysteine pool is involved in the in vivo regulation of the enzyme. The activity of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase is restored within 24 hours after transfer to a culture medium without cysteine. This restoration is partially blocked by 6-methyl purine and actinomycin D and completely by cycloheximide. Cycloheximide added to cultures of L. minor L. causes a loss of extractable APSTase comparable to the one obtained with cysteine. This loss may be in part due to cysteine, since cycloheximide causes a pronounced increase in the cysteine pool of L. minor

Regulation of adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity by H2S in Lemna minor L.

When Lemna minor L. is transferred to an atmosphere with H2S, there is a rapid loss of extractable adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity. The activity is restored within 24 h in an atmosphere without H2S. This restoration of activity is completely inhibited by cycloheximid but not by chloramphenicol. In vitro, S2- up to 5 mM and cysteine, methionine, and glutathione up to 50 mM do not inhibit the enzyme. The activities of ATP sulfurylase and O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase are not affected significantly by H2S. The physiological significance of the regulation of adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase is discussed

Artenzusammensetzung und Sukzession in einem anthropogenen Flachsee am Beispiel des Alfsees : mit 2 Tabellen

Seit seiner Inbetriebnahme 1982 vollzieht sich im Alfsee eine kontinuierliche Umbesetzung in der Artenzusammensetzung. Auffälligste Änderung ist die seit 1986 fehlende Unterwasser-Vegetation, mit weitreichenden Auswirkungen auf die Benthos- und Planktongemeinschaft. Untersuchungen im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit von April bis Dezember 1991 zeigen, daß Zooplankton und -benthos im Vergleich zu früheren Untersuchungen (ELGERet al. 1987, KOSTE& POLTZ1987) an Arten und zahlenmäßig ärmer geworden sind. Das Phytoplankton bleibt im gesamten Zeitraum in seiner Artenzusammensetzung gleich, zeigt sich aber in seiner Sukzession abhängig von Sichttiefe, P/N-Verhältnissen und Silikatversorgung