Proteolytic activity, degradation, and dissolution of primary and permanent teeth

BackgroundPrimary and permanent teeth composition may influence dissolution and degradation rates.AimTo compare the dissolution and degradation of primary and permanent teeth.DesignEnamel and dentin powders were obtained from primary molars and premolars and incubated within different pH buffers. Calcium and inorganic phosphate release was quantified in the buffers by atomic absorption and light spectrophotometry. A colorimetric assay was used to assess the MMP activity of primary dentin (PrD) and permanent dentin (PeD). Collagen degradation was assessed by dry mass loss, change in elastic modulus (E), and ICTP and CTX release. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α = 0.05).ResultsSimilar dissolution was found between PrD and PeD after 256 hours. At pH 4.5, enamel released more minerals than dentin whereas at pH 5.5 the inverse result was observed. MMP activity was similar for both substrates. PrD showed higher dry mass loss after 1 week. In general, greater reduction in E was recorded for PrD. Higher quantities of ICTP and CTX were released from PrD after 1 week.ConclusionsPrimary and permanent teeth presented similar demineralization rates. Collagen degradation, however, was faster and more substantial for PrD.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156418/2/ipd12632_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156418/1/ipd12632.pd

Questions That Get Answered: The Construction of Instructional Conversations on Online Asynchronous Discussion Boards

Abstract On online asynchronous discussion boards, instructor questions are considered a driving force in student engagement and learning. Yet, students can and do choose not to answer questions from instructors. In this paper, the authors report on a qualitative study in which they analyzed instructor-student interaction on an asynchronous discussion board in order to determine which instructor's questions students were more likely to answer and why. They found that students were more likely to answer those instructor questions that were authentic and exhibited uptake of students' comments. Moreover, the students' orientation to those features suggests that students actively choose to engage in -and construct -coherent instructional interactions that characterize conversation rather than recitation

Citotoxicidade transdentinária e efeito da carbodiimida (EDC) na biomodificação do colágeno dentinário e na degradação da interface adesiva

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the trandentinal cytotoxicity of carbodiimide (EDC), as well as its influence on dentinal collagen degradation and stability of resin-dentin bonds. In the first experiment, MDPC-23 cells were seeded on the pulp surface of the disks and one of the following solutions was applied on the occlusal surface for 60s: no treatment (negative control), 0.1M, 0.3M or 0.5M EDC; 5% glutaraldehyde (GA); Sorensen buffer or 29% hydrogen peroxide (positive control). Cell viability and morphology were analyzed by MTT, Live/Dead assays, total protein (TP) and collagen production and SEM. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p0.05). GA group obtained the highest E values. All cross-linking agents decreased MMP activity and HYP release and increased CTD. In the third experiment, sixty dentin beams were randomly divided into 6 groups according to the treatment solution: deionized water (control), 0.1M EDC, 0.5M EDC, 0.5M EDC+35% HEMA, 5% proanthocyanidin (PA) or 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). The beams were acid etched and treated for 60s. The total MMP activity was analyzed by a colorimetric assay (Sensolyte®). Data were expressed as absorbance values...O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar a citotoxicidade transdentinária da carbodiimida (EDC), bem como sua influência na degradação do colágeno dentinário e na estabilidade da união resina-dentina. No estudo 1, células MDPC- 23 foram plantadas na superfície pulpar de discos de dentina e a superfície oclusal foi tratada por 60s com uma das seguintes soluções: sem tratamento; EDC 0,1M; 0,3M ou 0,5M; glutaraldeído 5% (GA); tampão Sorensen ou H2O2 29%. A viabilidade e a morfologia celular foram analisadas pelos testes de MTT, Live/dead, produção de proteína total (PT), de colágeno e MEV. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). O GA promoveu aumento do metabolismo celular. A morte por necrose e a morfologia celular não foram influenciadas pelos agentes cross-linkers. Não houve redução na produção de PT e colágeno após 7 dias. Para o estudo 2, espécimes de dentina foram completamente desmineralizados e a variação do módulo de elasticidade (E), inibição de MMP, perda de massa, liberação de hidroxiprolina (HYP) e degradação térmica do colágeno (DTC) foram analisados após tratamento com uma das seguintes soluções por 30s ou 60s: água deionizada (controle); EDC 0,5M; EDC 1M; EDC 2M e GA 10%. Os dados referentes ao E, atividade de MMP e liberação de HYP foram submetidos aos testes de Wilcoxon e Kruskal- Wallis ou Mann-Whitney. Os valores de perda de massa e DT foram analisados pelos testes de ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05). Os melhores resultados quanto ao E foram observados para o GA. Todos os cross-linkers reduziram a atividade de MMP e a liberação de HYP e aumentaram a temperatura de DT do colágeno. No estudo 3, sessenta palitos de dentina foram divididos em 6 grupos de acordo com a solução de tratamento: água deionizada (controle); EDC 0,1M; EDC 0,5M; EDC 0,5M + HEMA 35%; proantocianidina 5% (PA) ou clorexidina (CHX) 2%. Após..

Tempo de condicionamento da dentina hígida e afetada por cárie de dentes decíduos e permanentes: efeito na desmineralização do substrato, na produção e na resistência da união resina-dentina

O objetivo geral desse trabalho, dividido em três estudos, foi avaliar a influência do tempo de condicionamento ácido na desmineralização da dentina, na qualidade e no desempenho adesivo imediato da união resina-dentina de dentes decíduos e permanentes. No estudo 1, superfícies planas de dentina foram produzidas em molares decíduos e pré-molares (n=8). Sobre cada superfície, três áreas foram delimitadas e condicionadas com ácido fosfórico por 5, 10 ou 15 s. Decorrido o período pré-estabelecido de condicionamento, o ácido foi coletado e a concentração de cálcio dissolvido da dentina (ug Ca/mm2) foi determinada por microcolorimetria. Os dados foram analisados pela aplicação dos testes de ANOVA, Tukey e análise de regressão linear (α=0,05). Correlação positiva significante foi observada entre a concentração de cálcio e o tempo de condicionamento ácido para ambos, dentes decíduos e permanentes. Para todos os tempos de condicionamento, quantidades estatisticamente superiores de íons cálcio foram detectadas para a dentina de dentes decíduos em comparação a dentina de dentes permanentes. Foi concluído que a dentina de dentes decíduos é mais facilmente desmineralizada do que a dentina de dentes permanentes, e que essa desmineralização foi maior em função do aumento do tempo de aplicação do ácido. No estudo 2, superfícies planas de dentina também foram produzidas em outros 8 molares decíduos e 8 pré-molares hígidos. As superfícies foram divididas ao meio no sentido vestíbulo-lingual por meio de uma canaleta produzida com um disco diamantado. Aleatoriamente, cada metade foi condicionada com ácido fosfórico por 15 ou 5 s e os sistemas adesivos Prime&Bond NT ou Prime&Bond 2.1 foram aplicados. Espécimes envolvendo a interface de união foram produzidos e preparados em laboratório...The aim of this work, divided into three studies, was to evaluate the influence of acid etching time on dentin demineralization, quality and immediate adhesive performance of resin-dentin bonds produced in deciduous and permanent teeth. In the first study, flat dentin surfaces were produced in sound molars (n=8) and premolars (n=8). On each surface, three circular areas were primary defined and etched with phosphoric acid for 5, 10 or 15 s. After the predetermined period of etching, the acid was collected and the calcium concentration (ugCa/mm2) was determined by microcolorimetry. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey and linear regression tests (α=0.05). Significant positive correlation was observed between calcium concentration and etching time for both deciduous and permanent teeth. For all times of conditioning, statistically higher amounts of calcium ions were removed from dentin of primary teeth compared to dentin of permanent teeth. It was concluded that the primary dentin was more prone to demineralization by phosphoric acid than permanent dentin, and that the extent of demineralization increased as a function of acid etching time. In the second study, flat dentin surfaces were also produced in additional 8 primary molars and 8 premolars. The surfaces were divided into mesial and distal halves through a shallow notch produced with a diamond disc. Randomly, each half was conditioned with 35% phosphoric acid for 15 or 5 s and the adhesive systems Prime & Bond NT or Prime & Bond 2.1 were applied. Specimens involving the bonded interface were produced and processed for staining with Goldner's trichrome. The thickness of the collagen zone exposed at the base of the hybrid layer (ZC) was measured using optical microscopy. Data were submitted to threeway analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Overall, thicker ZC... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

THE PREDICTIVE UTILITY OF DIBELS READING ASSESSMENT FOR READING COMPREHENSION AMONG THIRD GRADE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS AND ENGLISH SPEAKING CHILDREN.

THE PREDICTIVE UTILITY OF DIBELS READING ASSESSMENT FOR READING COMPREHENSION AMONG THIRD GRADE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS AND ENGLISH SPEAKING CHILDREN.14 pag