Fabrication and time degradation study of mercuric Iodide (Red) single crystal X-ray detector

Mercuric iodide is well known semiconductor solid state X-ray detector. Stability of Mercuric Iodide detector is one of the major problems to its practical applications. In the present work, single crystal of mercuric iodide was grown from a well purified material and detector is fabricated on a fused quartz base with platinum electrodes. Degradation of detector is studied and analyzed. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2212

Fabrication and time degradation study of mercuric Iodide (Red) single crystal X-ray detector

Mercuric iodide is well known semiconductor solid state X-ray detector. Stability of Mercuric Iodide detector is one of the major problems to its practical applications. In the present work, single crystal of mercuric iodide was grown from a well purified material and detector is fabricated on a fused quartz base with platinum electrodes. Degradation of detector is studied and analyzed. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2212

Distributed, Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors

India is poised to use nuclear energy in a big way. The safety of these systems depends upon monitoring various parameters in hazardous environment like high radiation, high temperature exceeding 1000°C, and gas/coolant leakages. In this chapter, we shall dwell on basics of distributed sensing, related instrumentation, device fabrication, and actual advanced field applications. Techniques like Raman scattering, resonance response of fiber gratings, and selective absorption are employed for design, development, and fabrication of distributed sensors and devices. Raman distributed sensors with advanced data processing techniques are finding increasing applications for fire detection, coolant leak detection, and safety of large structures. The systematic investigations related to portable systems developed at the author’s lab have been described. Wavelength-encoded fiber gratings are the attractive candidate for high gamma radiation dose measurements in environment such as particle accelerators, fission reactors, food processing facilities, and ITER-like installations. The basics of fiber gratings, their operational designs, and devices based on fiber gratings have been described with advanced applications like high temperature sensing, strain measurements at cryogenic temperatures, and strain in nuclear environment. Finally, novel approaches are described for distributed hazardous gas monitoring for large areas such as airports, train stations, and reactor containment buildings

CICHORIUM INTYBUS LINN: A REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE

The use of natural products as medicinal agents presumably predates the earliest recorded history. Cichorium Intybus L. is a plant which is used in several traditional medicine systems to cure various diseases Chicory belongs to the family Asteraceae is a small aromatic biennial or perennial herb. This plant has been known to posses Anti-ulcer, Hepatoprotective, Antibacterial, Cardioprotective, Antioxidant and Free radical Scavenging, Anti-malarial, Anti-fungal, Gastroprotective, Antihelminthic, Analgesics, Tumour protective, Anti-allergic and other miscellaneous activities. The whole plant contains a number of medicinally important compounds showing therapeutic effects such as inulin, esculin, volatile compounds, bitter sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, flavonoids and vitamins etc. The pharmacological studies reported in the present review confirm the therapeutic value of Chichorium Intybus L. Thus the use of this plant for human and animal disease therapy and reinforce the importance of the ethno-botanical approach as a potential source of bioactive substances

A study to assess clinical profile of Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with Teneligliptin-ASPIRE study

Background: Teneligliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor with unique chemical structure. Efficacy and safety of Teneligliptin is well established in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different randomized controlled trials. However, limited real-world data is available for Teneligliptin pertaining to Indian T2DM patient profile such as demographics, duration of disease, currently prescribed anti-hyperglycemic drugs, initiation of Teneligliptin as monotherapy or as an add on therapy.Methods: A cross-sectional, multicenter, non-interventional study was conducted to understand the demographics and clinical profile of Indian T2DM patients (n=5091) who were prescribed Teneligliptin.Results: Majority of patients were male (65.2%) with family history of T2DM present in 43.45% of cases. Age at onset of T2DM was 51.1±11.6 years. Among the T2DM patients, 36.2% of patients were newly diagnosed and more than half of them (54.7%) were uncontrolled with current anti-hyperglycemic drugs. Mean HbA1c level among these patients was 8.09±1.3%. Mean fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels were 170.2±46.9 mg/dl and 255.3±69.3 mg/dl respectively. Teneligliptin was prescribed as monotherapy in 2165 (41.66 %) of patients while as dual, triple and quadruple therapy in 2346 (46.08%) and 551 (10.82%) and 29 (0.56%) respectively. Among the patients on current anti-hyperglycemic treatment, most commonly prescribed drugs along with Teneligliptin were metformin (43.39%) followed by glimepiride (11%) and voglibose (3.42%).Conclusions: Teneligliptin is preferred as monotherapy and combination with metformin and sulfonylureas (mostly glimepiride) in newly diagnosed and uncontrolled T2DM patients in Indian scenario

QUANTIFICATION OF URAPIDIL IN HUMAN PLASMA USING ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY (UPLC-MS/MS) FOR PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY IN HEALTHY INDIAN VOLUNTEERS

Objective: A rapid and selective quantitative method was developed and validated in human plasma for urapidil pharmacokinetic study in healthy Indian volunteers. Methods: The ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method with solid-phase extraction technique utilized Strata X 33µ polymeric reversed phase (30 mg/mL), extraction cartridge. Simple gradient chromatographic conditions and selective reaction monitoring in mass spectrometric detection enabled accurate and precise measurement of urapidil at nanogram levels in 0.1 mL of human plasma. The method used a deuterium labeled internal standard. Results: The method was validated for a linear range of 5–500 ng/mL for urapidil with a correlation coefficient ³ 0.99 The intra-run and inter-run precision and accuracy were within 10%. The overall recoveries for urapidil and urapidil D4 were more than 90%. The urapidil was found to be stable in plasma matrix and aqueous media. Conclusion: The developed and validated method was specific, sensitive and reproducible in the analysis of clinical samples interspersed with quality control samples under freshly prepared calibration standards. The method was applied for the determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters of urapidil following a single oral administration of urapidil 60 mg capsules in nineteen healthy Indian male volunteers for fasting and fed study

GC MS Based Comparative Phytochemical Profiling of Rhodiola Imbricata Roots Collected from Different High Mountain Passes of Ladakh India and a First Report of Apocynin from Genus Rhodiola

Rhodiola imbricata is a high value medicinal plant of trans-Himalayan mountain passes in Ladakh. This plant is a highly sought after in national and international herbal product market due to its unique phytochemical composition and resultant medicinal properties. However, compositional variation in the raw material from different geographical locations results in variation in quality as well as efficacy of the final products. The current study was designed to generate the comparative GC-MS profiles of hydro-methanolic extracts of Rhodiola imbricata root samples collected from various locations in Ladakh i.e., Chang La (17605 ft), Khardung La (18,379 ft), and Shashi La (13908 ft) mountain passes. The study highlighted variations in volatile phytochemical composition in root samples collected from different locations, especially with respect to phenols, terpenes and fatty acids. Samples from Chang La had maximum amount of phenolic compounds (96.78 per cent), followed by samples from Khardung La (77.05 per cent) while they were undetected in samples from Shashi La pass. Specifically, comparative GC-MS profiling revealed that peak area percentage of two important bioactive compounds (i.e. piceol and apocynin) varied amongst samples. In the samples collected from Chang La, the piceol covered (94 per cent) and apocynin covered (2.78 per cent) peak area whereas in samples collected from Khardung La, piceol covered (73.8 per cent) and apocynin covered (3.25 per cent) peak areas respectively, however, samples collected from Shashi La showed none of these compounds. Interestingly, in the present study, apocynin (a potent NADPH oxidase inhibitor) is being reported for the first time from Rhodoila genus. On the basis of present findings, samples collected from Chang La and Khardung La passes showed better phytochemical composition of pharmacological active phenolic compounds than Shashi La sample

Fungal Keratitis: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Fungal keratitis or fungal corneal ulcer is potentially blinding infection of cornea, is considered one of the major cause of ocular morbidity, particularly in developing countries. It is a common cause of infectious keratitis, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Fungal keratitis is notoriously challenging to diagnosis and difficult to treat. Delay in diagnosis may result in irreversible sequelae of corneal fungal infections, which can be preventable. Fungal keratitis often have worse treatment outcomes than bacterial keratitis, Delayed diagnosis and scarcity of effective antifungal agents are the major factors for poor outcome. In the recent years considerable advancement in the diagnosis and treatment has been occurred. In this chapter, we will discuss the recent advances in diagnosis and management of fungal keratitis with a brief discussion on pathogenesis and future therapeutic models