6,301 research outputs found
On a homogeneous electrochemical reaction of prussian blue/everitt's salt system
Voltammetric, chronopotentiometric, and spectroelectrochemical studies qn the homogeneous-phase (single phase)
reaction of Prussian blue (PB)/Everitt's salt (ES) system in KC1 aqueous solution were carried out as a model for understanding
the homogeneous electrochemical reaction of manganese dioxide. Analytical results of voltammetric and
chronopotentiometric studies on PB/ES system indicated that the electrode potential was represented by the empirical
formula.</p
Electrochemistry of Redox Reaction II. On the Kinetic Equations for Chronopotentiometry
Basic kinetic equations of chronopotentiometric potential-time curves, in which the equations for reversible, quasi-reversible and irreversible electron transfer process appeared in special cases, were given and a chronopotentiometric method for determining kinetic parameters was proposed therefrom. The method was demonstrated for Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) redox reaction in acidic
aqueous media. The limitations of the method and the double-layer charging effects on the potential-time curve were discussed. The extension of the method to more general electrode processes was also considered
Suppression of the anti-symmetry channel in the conductance of telescoped double-wall nanotubes
The conductance of telescoped double-wall nanotubes (TDWNTs) composed of two
armchair nanotubes ( and with ) is
calculated using the Landauer formula and a tight binding model. The results
are in good agreement with the conductance calculated analytical by replacing
each single-wall nanotube with a ladder, as expressed by ,
where and are the transmission rates of the symmetry and
anti-symmetry channels, respectively. Perfect transmission in both channels is
possible in this TDWNT when , while is considerably small in the
other TDWNTs. is particularly low when either or is a
multiple of three. In this case, a three body effect of covalent-like
interlayer bonds plays a crucial role in determining the finite . When
is a multiple of five, the five-fold symmetry increases , although
this effect diminishes with increasing .Comment: Owing to errors of the calculation code, the numerical data shown in
Figures are incorrect. Nonetheless, the corrected numerical calculations do
not change the essential results. See erratum, PHYSICAL REVIEW B 79, 199902
(2009). The responsibility for the errors lies completely with the first
author (Ryo Tamura
The Outcome of Supernovae in Massive Binaries; Removed Mass, and its Separation Dependence
The majority of massive stars are formed in binary systems. It is hence
reasonable to expect that most core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) take place in
binaries and the existence of a companion star may leave some imprints in
observed features. Having this in mind, we have conducted two-dimensional
hydrodynamical simulations of the collisions of CCSNe ejecta with the companion
star in an almost-equal-mass () binary to find out possible
consequences of such events. In particular we pay attention to the amount of
mass removed and its dependence on the binary separation. In contrast to the
previous surmise, we find that the companion mass is stripped not by momentum
transfer but by shock heating. Up to of the original mass can be removed
for the closest separations and the removed mass decreases as with the binary separation . By performing some experimental
computations with artificially-modified densities of incident ejecta, we show
that if the velocity of ejecta is fixed, the density of incident ejecta is the
single important parameter that actually determines the removed mass as . On the other hand, another set of simulations with
modified velocities of incident ejecta demonstrate that the strength of the
forward shock, which heats up the stellar material and causes the mass loss of
the companion star, is actually the key parameter for the removed mass.Comment: 16 pages, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Numerical Simulations of Equatorially-Asymmetric Magnetized Supernovae: Formation of Magnetars and Their Kicks
A series of numerical simulations on magnetorotational core-collapse
supernovae are carried out. Dipole-like configurations which are offset
northward are assumed for the initially strong magnetic fields together with
rapid differential rotations. Aims of our study are to investigate effects of
the offset magnetic field on magnetar kicks and on supernova dynamics. Note
that we study a regime where the proto-neutron star formed after collapse has a
large magnetic field strength approaching that of a ``magnetar'', a highly
magnetized slowly rotating neutron star. As a result, equatorially-asymmetric
explosions occur with a formation of the bipolar jets. Resultant magnetar's
kick velocities are km s. We find that the acceleration
is mainly due to the magnetic pressure while the somewhat weaker magnetic
tension works toward the opposite direction, which is due to stronger magnetic
field in the northern hemisphere. Noted that observations of magnetar's proper
motions are very scarce, our results supply a prediction for future
observations. Namely, magnetars possibly have large kick velocities, several
hundred km s, as ordinary neutron stars do, and in an extreme case they
could have those up to 1000 km s.Comment: 36 pages, 9 figures, accepted by the Astrophysical Journa
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