Deep Learning Model Based on ResNet-50 for Beef Quality Classification

Food quality measurement is one of the most essential topics in agriculture and industrial fields. To classify healthy food using computer visual inspection, a new architecture was proposed to classify beef images to specify the rancid and healthy ones. In traditional measurements, the specialists are not able to classify such images, due to the huge number of beef images required to build a deep learning model. In the present study, different images of beef including healthy and rancid cases were collected according to the analysis done by the Laboratory of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University in January of 2020. The texture analysis of the beef surface of the enrolled images makes it difficult to distinguish between the rancid and healthy images. Moreover, a deep learning approach based on ResNet-50 was presented as a promising classifier to grade and classify the beef images. In this work, a limited number of images were used to present the research problem of image resource limitation; eight healthy images and ten rancid beef images. This number of images is not sufficient to be retrained using deep learning approaches. Thus, Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) was proposed to augment the enrolled images to produce one hundred eighty images. The results obtained based on ResNet-50 classification achieve accuracy of 96.03%, 91.67%, and 88.89% in the training, testing, and validation phases, respectively. Furthermore, a comparison of the current model (ResNet-50) with the classical and deep learning architecture is made to demonstrate the efficiency of ResNet-50, in image classification

Prevalence of infection of Acipenser persicus broodstocks with internal parasites in the south-west Caspian Sea

A survey of parasitological infections of Acipenseridae fishes in the southern parts of the Caspian Sea were done from 2002 to 2004. Altogether, 338 brood stocks of Acipenser persicus were examined. In the laboratory, the weight and length of the fishes were measured and after dissection presence of different parasites in the fish was examined. According to the results of this study, during three years of examinations, six different parasites were detected. These parasites were Cucullanus sphaerocephalus, Skrjabinopsolus semiarmatus, Eubothrium acipenseinum, Corynosoma strumosom, Leptorhynchoides plagicephalus, and Amphilina foliaceae. The prevalence and mean intensity of infection with Gusullanus sphaerocephalus and Skrjabinopolus semiarmattim were the most

Study on the prevalence and intensity of three parasites in sturgeon fingerlings cultured in earthen ponds

In 2001, we studied 2600 sturgeon fingerlings including: 2242 Acipenser persicus, 150 Acipenser stellatus, 150 Acipenser nudiventris and 58 Huso huso from Shahid Beheshti and Yousefpour hatcheries for parasitic infection. We found three parasites including Diplostomum spathaceum, Trichodina sp. and Gyrodactylus sp infesting the fish. The prevalence and average intensity of Diplostomum spathaceum was 5.49% and 1.66 for Acipenser persicus, 0.66% and I for Acipenser stellatus and, 22.41% and 5.38, for Huso huso fingerlings respectively. No Diplostomum infection was observed in Acipenser nudiventris. The prevalence and average infection intensity of Trichodina sp. was 45.05% and 76.14 for Acipenser persicus, 44% and 51.36 for Acipenser stellatus, 36% and 63.51 for Acipenser nudiventris, and 32.76% and 34.73 for Huso huso fingerlings, respectively. Totally, the prevalence of Gyrodactylus sp. was 0.46% in the two hatcheries. The prevalence of infection with Gyrodactylus sp. was 0.36% in Acipenser persicus and 2.66% in Acipenser stellatus

An extended data flow diagram notation for specification of real-time systems

The rapid demand for industrial automation has resulted in the development of very large systems. The development costs for such systems have highlighted the importance of a staged methodical approach to system development. One of the starting stages is the derivation and expression of system specification. Because it takes place very early in the development cycle, the techniques used to aid in deriving a specification should not only help system developers in recognising and resolving system requirements errors, they should also help in presenting those requirements clearly. This thesis is concerned with the specification of a specific class of systems: real-time systems. After elaborating on what the terms “specification” and “real-time system” mean in the context of the thesis, it is proposed that the communication power of the notation used for specification plays a central role. General diagrammatic representation of engineering plans are then identified as one of the most desirable and communicable forms of such plans. A popular notation, used in the specification of data processing systems, is then briefly discussed, in order to identify its limitations for real-time system specification. Despite those limitations, its popularity is a strong incentive for extending the notation instead of inventing a new one. Two of the currently used extensions to this notation are then presented, and their main shortcomings are highlighted. An alternative extension is then proposed, which attempts to overcome these shortcomings. It does so by separating the data and control inter-faces of a system into complementary diagrams. Because real-time system behaviour is control dominated, the notation concentrates on this particular system feature by breaking it down into two categories: control over groups of system components, i.e. the conditions under which each group is enabled and disabled to perform its overall task, and control over individual system components, i.e. the condition under which each component is activated to carry out its (sub)task. The notation’s constructs allow both types of control to be specified, without hindering the specifier, and in a fashion which highlights both low level concurrency (among individual components) and high level concurrency (among component groups). Special attention is also paid to the importance of synchronisation and temporal events by providing notational means for specifying both. These extensions are illustrated through a specification exercise before discussing issues related to the notation. Some comparisons are then made with four other approaches to system specification, before highlighting the more novel features of the notation and outlining possible future extensions to the work presented here

Fabrication of Poly Hydroxybutyrate-Polyethylene Glycol-Folic Acid nanoparticles loaded by paclitaxel

In this study drug (paclitaxel)-loaded nanoparticles of poly hydroxybutyrate-polyethylene glycol-folic acid (PHB-PEG-FOL) were prepared by using an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The functionalization and conjugation steps in the chemical synthesis were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance tests (1H NMR). Morphology of nanoparticles was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanoparticles were characterized by particle size analyzer. Between two samples containing drug, the lower doses showed more homogeneous distribution, and the lowest aggregation. The drug release profiles showed a two-phase release including initial rapid release and a continuous release. MG63 cells were used to evaluate cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of PHB-PEG-FOL nanoparticles with drug against cancer cells was much higher and longer than free drug sample. These nanoparticles were successfully synthesized as a novel system for targeted drug delivery against cancer cells. © 2016 Bentham Science Publishers

Small scale model for CFD validation in DAF application

A laboratory model is used to measure the generic flow patterns in dissolved air flotation (DAF). The Perspex model used in this study allows the use of laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), a non-invasive, high-resolution (±2 mm s−1) laser technique of flow velocity measurement. Measurement of flow velocity in the single-phase situation was first carried out. Air-saturated water was then supplied to the tank and measurements of bubble velocity in the two-phase system were made. Vertical flow re-circulation was observed in the flotation zone. In the bottom of the flotation zone (near the riser) secondary flow re-circulation was observed, but only in the two-phase system. Another phenomenon was the apparent movement of flow across the tank width, which may be due to lateral dispersion of the bubble cloud. Data from preliminary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were compared against this measured data in the case of the single-phase system. The CFD model incorporating a k-e model of turbulence was found to give closer agreement with the measured data than the corresponding laminar flow model. The measured velocity data will be used to verify two-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of DAF.</jats:p

Appropriate and Optimal Classifier for Beef Quality Discrimination by A Low-Cost Optical Apparatus

In this paper, we present an optimal classifier for beef quality discrimination by a low-cost optical apparatus. Detecting beef spoilage in beef factories is a sophisticated process because beef spoilage is a mixture of physical and chemical changes. A low-cost Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR), and a light source were used to collect reflection spectra during the analysis of beef. The LabVIEW platform was programmed to acquire the obtained data from the microcontroller (Arduino) to predict beef quality. For the beef quality discrimination process, un-supervising machine learning called Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used, and the score plot percentage was of the first (F1) and second (F2) dimensions of the most variation for forty samples were of 93.98% and 3.38% respectively. Supervised Machine Learning (SML) (Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)) were used also to compare with other models of un-supervised machine learning. Optimum classifier was achieved by the classification algorithm of SVM that can represent 95.75% of the whole data

Treatment challenges and outcomes for pediatric intracranial ependymoma at a single institution in Iran

Background: The scarcity of information on pediatric ependymoma in Iran motivated this study. Our main objectives were to determine outcomes, identify clinical management challenges at a nongovernment hospital in Iran, and devise guidelines for improving care. Procedure: A retrospective chart review was performed for pediatric patients with ependymoma who were younger than 15 years and treated at MPCTRC between 2007 and 2015. Records included patient demographics, treatment regimens used, duration of follow-up, and outcomes. Clinical outcomes ie, 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were determined based on the age at diagnosis (younger or older than 3 years) by using the Kaplan�Meier method. Results: In total, 73 eligible patients were enrolled; 20 patients were in the younger group, and 53 were in the older group. The majority (91.8%, n = 67) of patients underwent initial gross-total or partial surgical resection, and 6 (8.2%) had a biopsy. Twenty-one patients experienced ependymoma recurrence. The median time to relapse was 1 year. The median duration of follow-up and PFS were 25 and 17 months, respectively. The 3-year OS and PFS were 61% and 59.5%, respectively. At the time of this project, 27 patients had died, and 35 were alive with no evidence of disease. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated inferior outcomes of Iranian children with ependymoma. To improve our care for these children, a paradigm shift must occur that includes radiation therapy as standard of care, second-look surgery, a multidisciplinary team approach, and potentially twinning initiatives. © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Treatment challenges and outcomes for pediatric intracranial ependymoma at a single institution in Iran

Background: The scarcity of information on pediatric ependymoma in Iran motivated this study. Our main objectives were to determine outcomes, identify clinical management challenges at a nongovernment hospital in Iran, and devise guidelines for improving care. Procedure: A retrospective chart review was performed for pediatric patients with ependymoma who were younger than 15 years and treated at MPCTRC between 2007 and 2015. Records included patient demographics, treatment regimens used, duration of follow-up, and outcomes. Clinical outcomes ie, 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were determined based on the age at diagnosis (younger or older than 3 years) by using the Kaplan�Meier method. Results: In total, 73 eligible patients were enrolled; 20 patients were in the younger group, and 53 were in the older group. The majority (91.8%, n = 67) of patients underwent initial gross-total or partial surgical resection, and 6 (8.2%) had a biopsy. Twenty-one patients experienced ependymoma recurrence. The median time to relapse was 1 year. The median duration of follow-up and PFS were 25 and 17 months, respectively. The 3-year OS and PFS were 61% and 59.5%, respectively. At the time of this project, 27 patients had died, and 35 were alive with no evidence of disease. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated inferior outcomes of Iranian children with ependymoma. To improve our care for these children, a paradigm shift must occur that includes radiation therapy as standard of care, second-look surgery, a multidisciplinary team approach, and potentially twinning initiatives. © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC