ワガ クニ ニ オケル ハイシュツ リョウ トリヒキ カンレン セイド ノ ドウコウ ト ソノ カダイ

ポスト京都議定書の行方に世界的な注目が集まるなか、わが国では最近、自治体レベルで温室効果ガスの排出量取引制度に関する動きが活発化している。そこで本稿では世界及びわが国の排出量取引制度の動向を整理し、地域における適用の課題やこの先の展開方向について考察した。その結果、わが国の自治体では、管轄エリア全体をカバーする排出量取引制度以外にも、政府の制度を活用した取り組みや、自治体独自でクレジットの創出を図る動きがあることを明らかにした。そして、こうした自治体の排出量取引制度に関する動きが活発化するにつれて、制度間の整合性、クレジット需要の確保、クレジット価値の担保といった課題が今後もたらされる可能性があることを述べた。そのうえで、この先の取り組みの展開方向として、(1)自治体間の制度の共通化、(2)森林吸収に留意した制度設計、(3)大企業の自主的な協力を仰ぐ仕組みの内包、が重要となることを指摘した。Recently, schemes related to emissions trading have stood up one after another in Japanese local government. We arranged emissions trading trends and considered the problem of progressing emissions trading scheme in Japanese local government. As a result, we clarified that there were the schemes that covered each area, used the mechanism of the government and originally created credit in Japanese local government. We described the possibility that the problem of the consistence between schemes, the credit demand and the credit value will be caused in the future. And, we pointed out that it became important that the scheme of sharing between local government, noting forest absorption and gaining cooperation of the enterprise

タイヨウコウ ハツデン ノ コンゴ ノ フキュウ ニ カンスル イチ コウサツ

近年、グリーン・ニューディール政策の一環として太陽光発電に対する普及支援制度が強化されたことにより、太陽光発電の導入量が世界的に急拡大している。こうしたなか、わが国の太陽光発電の導入量も急拡大し、ここ最近の導入対象は、戸建て住宅や公共施設から、遊休地や集合住宅などへと広がってきている。わが国における太陽光発電の導入余地がまだ充分にあるなかで、今後、太陽光発電に対する普及支援制度はより充実し、また、その導入は様々な対象にさらに広がってくることが見込まれる。ただし、わが国の太陽光発電の普及をより加速させていくには、(1)普及支援制度の内容の充実、(2)遊休地の積極的な活用、(3)蓄電池に対する支援の3つがより重要となると指摘され、社会全体として太陽光発電の普及の加速を後押ししていくことが望まれる。Recently, the amount of the installation of the photovoltaic generation has expanded in the world by strengthening the policy of supporting spread of photovoltaic generation on green new deal policy. In Japan, the amount of the installation of the photovoltaic generation has expanded, and the installation location has expanded from detached houses and public facilities to unused lands and apartment houses. It is expected that policy of supporting spread of photovoltaic generation would be enhanced and the amount of the installation of the photovoltaic generation would increase besides detached houses. However, it can be pointed out that enhancement of the content of policy of supporting spread of photovoltaic generation, positive use of unused lands, and support to the storage battery are important for the acceleration of the spread of photovoltaic generation

サイタマケン ニ オケル カンキョウ マネジメント システム ノ フキュウ ニ カンスル イチ コウサツ

近年、企業の環境への取組みへの対応圧力が強まるなかで、環境マネジメントシステムのいっそうの導入促進が求められている。本稿では埼玉県という一定の地域スケールと複数時点での普及の変化を考慮し、代表的な環境マネジメントシステムであるISO14001の普及動向やそれをもたらす背景について述べる。埼玉県のISO14001の認証取得組織数の年度別・業種別の複数時点データを全国との比較をもとに分析・考察したところ、埼玉県では製品・サービスの納入先企業からの認証取得要請の強まりのなかで製造業を中心にISO14001の認証取得件数が増加してきたものの、卸売業・小売業など非製造業の取得件数の増加は鈍かったことが示された。今後、埼玉県での地域経済や社会を持続可能な方向に導くためには、環境教育の充実や認証取得の重点地区指定等の政策を検討することが求められ、そうしたなかで、地元の大学の果たす役割も次第に大きくなると考えられよう。Recently, the requirement on active responses to environmental problems becomes heightened for enterprises and organizations, so the wider adoption of the Environmental Management System （EMS） becomes necessary. The authors describe the background and recent trends of ISO14001, the most common EMS, focusing on the enterprises in Saitama Prefecture and the trend change in time. The Authors analyze the number of ISO14001-certified organizations in Saitama Prefecture, comparing with the national data. The Authors find that （1） the number of ISO14001-certified manufacturers in Saitama Prefecture becomes increased due to the increasing requirements from the downstream in supply chain of the product and services; （2） on the other hand, the number of certifications in non-manufacturing business such as wholesale trades and retail trades is still low. To achieve the sustainability on Saitama\u27s regional economy and the society in the future, policies such as the enhancement of environmental education and the promotion of the certification at specific areas are required. Also local universities\u27 roles on the promotion of such policies become clearer and larger

Data from: Gene expression profiles of alveolar type II cells of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case-control study

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the gene expression pattern specific in alveolar epithelial type II cells (ATII cells) isolated from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Design: Case control Setting: Two hospitals in Japan Participants: Three patients without COPD and three patients with COPD in microarray analyses. Five smokers without COPD and nine smokers with COPD in the following analyses. Primary and secondary outcome measured: Primary outcome included identification of differentially expressed genes and activated or inhibited pathways in ATII cells of the patients with COPD, compared to those of the patients without COPD, using Affymetrix gene expression arrays. Secondary outcome included validation of the results of microarray analyses by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: We isolated ATII cells from COPD and non-COPD lungs using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We performed Affymetrix gene expression arrays on both types of ATII cells. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that two major gene sets were enriched in ATII cells from COPD lungs: interferon-responsive gene sets and gene sets associated with cell cycle progression. Gene ontology term enrichment analyses indicated that among the interferon-stimulated genes, ATII cells in COPD expressed genes such as PSMB8, PSMB9, TAP1 and TAP2 associated with the antigen processing and presentation pathway. We validated the results of the microarray analyses using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, FACS analysis indicated that the percentage of ATII cells to CD45-negative lung cells isolated from COPD lungs were significantly increased more than that from non-COPD lungs. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that interferon-stimulated genes involved in the antigen processing and presentation pathway and genes involved in cell cycle progression were enriched in ATII cells of the patients with COPD. These pathways might alter phenotypes of ATII cells in COPD lungs