Cognitive counseling in the school education

Recently, the educational approach called “cognitive counselling” has been proposed as the effective teaching method which let schoolchildren become independent at every occasion of learning. In this report, the author, a junior high school teacher, studies cognitive counseling in a graduate school for two years and reports the example that applied technique of the cognitive counseling in school education. I practiced two times of cognitive counseling in a graduate school, and instruction, the recognition to promote the enforcement of the class that adopted technique of the cognitive counseling such as lesson induction and the virtual instruction from the experience, the voluntary use of the chart counseled it. As a result, the ratio of student whom I answered that I knew a class of the mathematics by a class questionnaire in comparison with the student who received a class before one of a student and the author who took the class of the writer rose this year. Furthermore, the ratio of student whom I answered that the opinion of the friend served as a reference by a class rose. From this, it was suggested that the cognitive counseling could conjugate in the class as well as individual counseling all at once

Learning support for aiming acquirement of appropriate learning strategy : Utilizing external resources

Recently, the educational approach called “cognitive counselling” has been proposed as the effective teaching method which let schoolchildren become independent at every occasion of learning. This study is a case report of the cognitive counselling for a boy of fifth grader who has difficulties in understanding of the arithmetic. Our assessment revealed that he may settle for answering questions simply without careful thinking or may operate them only in his mind or may not be able to use appropriate learning strategy. Therefore these factors could make him experience difficulties in arithmetic. So we aimed at making use of lesson induction and helping him acquire appropriate learning strategy by suggesting the learning strategy that utilized external resources. A concrete advice to him was to use the label for questions in calculation and chart for those in sentence as more appropriate strategy. As a result of these supports, a part of his inadequate knowledge has changed to apply the external resources for his own learning making use of lesson induction. It was suggested that he adopted the learning strategy which use external labels/charts effectively

Spontaneous Iron Accumulation in Hepatocytes of a 7-Week-Old Female Rat

Abstract: Spontaneous iron accumulation in hepatocytes was observed in a 7-week-old female Han Wistar GALAS rat. Very fine yellowish brown pigments, which showed a positive reaction with Berlin Blue stain, were apparent in the cytoplasm close to the bile canaliculi, with a diminishing periportal-to-centrilobular gradient. There were also differences in distribution between and within lobes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed cytosolic ferritin and pericanalicular siderosomes in hepatocytes. No degeneration or necrotic changes were observed, and non-hepatocyte cells did not demonstrate any obvious accumulation of iron. There were no abnormalities in the animal other than this finding in the liver

Characteristic Upregulation of Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 in an Early Lesion Negative for Hitherto Established Cytochemical Markers in Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis

Previously, we reported α2-macroglobulin (α2M) to be a novel marker characteristic of rat hepatocellular preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions negative for hitherto well-established markers. In the present study, we further examined other candidate markers with specificity for the same type of lesions. Glutathione S-transferase-placental form (GST-P)-negative hepatocellular altered foci (HAF) were generated using a two-stage (initiation and promotion) carcinogenesis protocol with N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and either Wy-14,643 or clofibrate, two peroxisome proliferators. Microarray analysis using total RNAs isolated from laser-microdissected GST-P-negative HAF (amphophilic cell foci) and adjacent normal tissues was conducted along with immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. Staining for glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was detected in GST-P-negative HAF and hepatocellular adenomas, and slightly increased GRP78 mRNA expression was observed in the lesions by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Thus, an early increase of GRP78 expression in hepatocarcinogenesis is likely a feature of the amphophilic subset of HAF

Ethanol Does Not Promote MeIQx-initiated Rat Colon Carcinogenesis Based on Evidence from Analysis of a Colon Cancer Surrogate Marker

Epidemiological studies suggest that alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, the data are confounded by numerous cosegregating variables. To cast further light on the relationships between alcohol intake and colon cancer development, 21-day-old male F344/DuCrj rats were fed 200 ppm 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) in their diet for 8 weeks and doses of 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 20% of ethanol in their drinking water ad libitum for 16 weeks thereafter. The rats were sacrificed after 24 weeks of experiment, and aberrant crypt foci (ACF), surrogate lesions for colon cancer, were examined under a light microscope at low magnification. Ethanol was found not to affect the ACF formation at any dose compared with the initiated-controls. Furthermore, ethanol did not alter colon epithelial cell proliferation. These data, obtained by analysis of a colon cancer surrogate marker lesion, indicate that ethanol lacks promotion activity for MeIQx-initiated rat colon carcinogenesis

Abdominoperineal Resection for Unexpected Distal Intramural Spreading of Rectal Cancer

Introduction: In rectal cancer, distal intramural spread may sometimes occur, but a maximum extent of distal spread of > 6 cm is very rare. Case Presentation: A 65-year-old Japanese male with an advanced rectal cancer tumor with para-aortic lymph node metastasis was admitted. We performed a low anterior resection with lymphadenectomy, but the intraoperative frozen-section analysis of margins revealed malignant cell positivity; we, therefore, performed an abdominoperineal resection. Pathological findings showed that the maximum extent of distal spread was 6 cm. After 12 courses of FOLFOX4 as adjuvant chemotherapy, abdominal computed tomography revealed whole lymph node metastases, including Virchow’s node. Though FOLFIRI + panitumumab was started, he was not eligible for additional chemotherapy after 10 cycles. Conclusion: An intraoperative frozen pathology examination was helpful for the additional resection, when unexpected distal spreading had occurred in rectal cancer. The evidence of a distal negative margin should not be underestimated

FRET-mediated near infrared whispering gallery modes: studies on the relevance of intracavity energy transfer with Q-factor

Near infrared (NIR) optical microsphere resonators are prepared by coassembly of energy-donating and accepting conjugated polymers. In the microspheres, fluorescence resonance energy transfer occurs, leading to sharp and periodic photoluminescence from whispering gallery modes in the NIR region with Q-factors as high as 600