Modeling relative effects of riparian cover and groundwater inflow on stream temperature in lowland Whatcom County, Washington

Many Pacific Northwest streams have water temperatures that exceed thermal thresholds for salmonids. Supporting and maintaining streams with temperatures below these thermal thresholds requires an understanding of the relationships between the main factors influencing stream temperatures. This study examined the relative effects of two of these factors, riparian canopy cover and groundwater inflow, on stream temperatures at the reach scale. I measured stream temperature, net groundwater exchange, and riparian canopy cover levels in 10 different study reaches designed to comprise a factorial combination of reaches with vegetated and unvegetated riparian buffers, as well as gaining and not-gaining groundwater. I then modeled stream temperatures in each reach with the SSTEMP stream temperature model, and compared model-predicted temperatures to measured stream temperatures during the warmest part of the summer. Finally, I manipulated the model to examine the relative impacts of riparian canopy cover (0-100%) and groundwater inflow (0-50%) on predicted stream temperatures. SSTEMP predicted daily mean reach temperatures well across the range of conditions studied here, although it overpredicted daily maximum temperatures. Model manipulations of groundwater inflow and canopy cover levels showed consistent trends in affecting stream temperatures. Under peak summer conditions and base groundwater (0%) and canopy cover (0%) conditions, predicted mean stream v temperatures warmed by an average of ~ 4°C across all streams. Full canopy cover and 50% groundwater inflow each reduced this predicted warming by ~ 2.5°C when manipulated independently. However, only the combination of both high canopy cover and groundwater inflow actually reduced predicted mean stream temperatures within the study reaches. In contrast, canopy cover had much stronger effects on modeled maximum stream temperatures than did groundwater inflow. Under peak summer conditions, 100% canopy cover reduced predicted downstream warming of daily maxima by ~ 10°C, while 50% groundwater inflow did so by only ~ 2°C compared to base conditions. The results of this study affirm that both canopy cover and groundwater inflow play significant roles in minimizing stream temperatures in summer, and both should be considered when making restoration, land use, and other management decisions

Pregnancy and the Voice: Surveying Effects from the Singer\u27s Perspective

Pregnancy and the Voice: Surveying Effects from the Singer\u27s Perspectiv

Claims on and obligations to kin in Cape Town, South Africa

Qualitative and quantitative research has shown that non-nuclear family households remain common in post-apartheid South Africa whilst suggesting also that families are less extended than in the past. Most of this research focuses on who lives with whom. This paper goes beyond this by examining the claims that young people anticipate might be made on them, and the obligations they can envisage making on others. Data from the fourth wave of the Cape Area Panel Study, conducted in 2006, show that most young people report being able to make claims on only a narrow range of close kin. The range of kin on whom young black adults report being able to make claims is only marginally wider than for young white and coloured adults, and is heavily concentrated on the maternal side. This suggests that there has been some shrinkage in the extent of kinship ties among young black people, and a dramatic shrinkage on the paternal side. Unlike their coloured and white peers, young black adults report many prospective obligations to diverse kin, including more distant kin, although again almost entirely on the maternal side. Multivariate analysis suggests that 'race' - presumably as a proxy for cultural factors - is not important in shaping the claims that someone feels able to make, but remains important in shaping the obligations that someone anticipates having to make, after controlling for other variables. These patterns did not differ by gender. We find some evidence that claims and obligations entail reciprocal relationships, especially among less close kin. Overall, we find that relationships with more distant kin are largely limited to black South Africans, are highly conditional, exist predominantly with maternal kin and more frequently entail feelings of responsibility toward kin than reliance upon kin

Hope is a wooded time : an eco-performance of biodiversity in discarded geographic and social space

Friches Théâtre Urbain’s Hope is a Wooded Time is an ongoing community-based eco-art project outside Paris that draws inspiration from its site’s evocative heritage as part of les Murs à Pêches, ‘living walls’ for espaliered fruit trees in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, and its contemporary reality as a wooded wasteland. The project encourages ethical encounters between ecological processes of biodiversity and human interventions by its neighbours, ethnically and culturally diverse populations of Sinti and Romany gypsies, Russian and North African immigrants and native French

Transnational mobility and cross-border family life cycles:A century of Welsh-Italian Migration

During the late nineteenth century, Italian immigrant settlement in Wales took the form of chain and clustered migration, based on origin-centred networks of extended family members. The original migrants’ reliance on transnational family support networks endured and evolved through descendant generations. Family formation and the progression of lifecycle care exchanges served as key drivers of transnationalism between Wales and Italy. Many families established catering businesses in Wales that relied on staff recruitment from kin in Italy. Migrants’ heritage and affective anchorage to Italy were maintained through ‘circular’ mobility premised on endogamy and shared language. In recent decades, despite a decline in endogamous marriage, transnational family interaction has continued on the basis of the ease of European Union cross-border mobility. Changing modes and motives for cyclical and return migration encompass new forms of marriage, professional and retirement migration. Based on etnographic research with three generations of Italian migrants in Wales, this article explores the relation between family social networks and local attachment in supporting transnational practices, positive integration and heritage maintainance, tracing the cultural and social change in the generational process of migration

Cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in procoagulant platelets.

SummaryPlatelets are the major cellular contributor to arterial thrombosis. However, activated platelets form two distinct subpopulations during thrombosis. Pro-aggregatory platelets aggregate to form the main body of the thrombus. In contrast, procoagulant platelets expose phosphatidylserine on their outer surface and promote thrombin generation. This apparently all-or-nothing segregation into subpopulations indicates that, during activation, platelets commit to becoming procoagulant or pro-aggregatory. Although the signaling pathways that control this commitment are not understood, distinct cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals in different subpopulations are likely to be central. In this review, we discuss how these Ca2+ signals control procoagulant platelet formation and whether this process can be targeted pharmacologically to prevent arterial thrombosis

Community-based person-centred integrated care (PIC) networks for healthy ageing in place: a scoping review protocol

Introduction: The economic case for preventive care delivered in or near citizens’ homes is strong, and there is growing evidence of the role of local-level support in supporting people’s health and well-being as they age. However, effective and consistent delivery of person-centred integrated care (PIC) at the community level remains elusive. Previous systematic reviews have focused on specific processes such as case management, but none have focused on the operational delivery of community-based care networks. In this study, we aim to identify what practice-based models of PIC networks exist at the local/neighbourhood level and what evidence is available as to their effectiveness for healthy ageing in place. Methods and analysis: We will undertake a scoping review following the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and updated guidance by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Peer-reviewed sources will be identified through searches of seven databases, and relevant grey literature will be identified through websites of policy and voluntary sector organisations focused on integrated care and/or healthy ageing. Data from included studies will be extracted for relevance to the research questions, including aims and anticipated outcomes of network models, financial and management structures of networks, and evidence of evaluation. Summary tables and narrative comparisons of key PIC network features across settings will be presented. Ethics and dissemination: As no primary data will be collected, ethical approval is not required to conduct this scoping review. In addition to publication as a peer-reviewed article, the results of this review will be summarised as shorter discussion papers for use in follow-up research

Gene of the issue: ANO6 and Scott Syndrome.

Scott Syndrome is a very rare inhibited bleeding disorder characterised by an isolated deficit in procoagulant activity in platelets and other blood cells, caused by a lack of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure following activation.[1,2] It results from mutations in ANO6, which encodes the phospholipid scramblase protein, TMEM16F.[3]British Heart Foundation FS/15/62/3203