AoB Hz

Txt data from 13 fluo-3-AM loaded atrial myocytes from aortic banded heart

sham 4Hz

Txt data from 12 fluo-3-AM loaded atrial myocytes from Sham operated rat hearts subject to 4 Hz pacing followed by a period of at least 70 s without stimulatio

Sham_control

Line scan images Ca transients in 12 fluo-3-AM loaded atrial myocytes from Sham-operated hearts stimulated at 1 Hz. Note: These are raw images; those presented in paper represent averages of consecutive transient

Sham di-8-ANEPPS

Z-stacks of 20 di-8-ANEPPS-stained atrial myocytes from Sham operated rat heart

AoB_control

Line scan images of Ca transients from 8 fluo-3-AM loaded atrial myocytes from aortic banded rat hearts. Note: these are raw data of consecutive transients; transients presented in the paper represent averages of consecutive transient

RyR_Sham-1

Images of 18 atrial myocytes stained with anti RyR-2 antibody from hearts from Sham-operated rat

Sham caffeine data

Line scan images of electrically stimulated and caffeine-induced Ca transients from 10 fluo-3-AM loaded atrial myocytes from Sham operated heart

AoB caffeine data

Line scan images of electrically stimulated and caffeine-induced Ca transients from 13 fluo-3-AM loaded atrial myocytes from aortic banded rat heart

Modeling of diffusion in rat left atrial myocytes.

<p>(A) Model discretization with an elliptical grid and the Ca²⁺ reactions incorporated in the model representing Ca²⁺ buffering and fluxes. (B) Upper panel shows a simulated line scan image assuming release of Ca²⁺ only at the periphery of a cell and no <i>internal</i> Ca uptake. Lower panel shows relative fluorescence changes at the cell edge and cell center. Note the slow rate of decline of Ca²⁺ in the cell center. (C) Upper panel shows a simulated line scan image with SR Ca²⁺ uptake included. Lower panel shows the time course of fluorescence changes at the time points indicated by a, b and c in the upper panel. (D) Upper panel shows calculated line scan image including microscope blurring. Lower panel shows fluorescence changes at the edge and center of the cell model. The inset shows the radial profile at the peak of the transient for the model (dotted line) and exemplar experimental data (solid line). Note the close agreement between these data. (E) The time-dependence of spread of the peak fluorescence for the model (solid line) and exemplar experimental data (stars).</p

Spontaneous Ca²⁺ transients in remodeled left atrial myocytes.

<p>(A) Spatially averaged [Ca²⁺]_i obtained from an AoB cell during a period of pacing at 4 Hz followed by 70 s without stimulation. The resolution in these experiments was insufficient to localize the sites of release. (B) Averaged transverse profile of spontaneous Ca²⁺ transients from the cell shown in ‘A’. (C) Shaded area indicates number of Sham and AoB myocytes showing spontaneous Ca²⁺ transients after 4 Hz pacing; height of column represents total number of myocytes tested. Data from 4 Sham and 6 AoB hearts. *, P<0.05, Fischer’s exact test. (D) Number of spontaneous transients in cells showing spontaneous activity after pacing at 4 Hz. *, P<0.05, unpaired t-test.</p