The structure of attraction in the family life cycle, emphasizing the concept of love among married women

Family, in its life cycle, is associated with changing roles, especially for couples. Compatibility with these changes has a significant effect on the attractive relationships between couples. The present paper aimed to investigate the gravity structure (love-based relationships) in the family life cycle and the effect of contextual variables (such as employment, education level, social capital of the family, and socioeconomic status) on it. Data collecting tool was a Researcher-made questionnaire on love. The statistical population of this study were estimated to be 13161 married women in Gonabad according to the 1995 census. The cluster sampling method was used and the participants were 510 individuals. The results showed the variety of love quality at different stages of family life cycle. In other words, the mean of love quality reduces in the first five steps of the family life cycle by a steady downward trend from 5.59 to 4.20, and then in the final stage of the "empty nest" it increases to 4.38. It also varied only with the arrival of family social capital as contextual variable. Therefore, it can be said that the arising problems from the birth and the growth of children is accompanied by weakening couples' romance. Although social capital can partly mitigates this negative relationship

Context and Causal Conditions in Active Aging Phenomenon: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Active aging is an important concept in the positive paradigm of aging that has attracted policy makers’ attention in the past two decades. However, active aging has been less underscored as an issue of research which can provide real and reliable insight about the aging population. Thus, the present study explored the nature, context, and influencing factors of active aging based on the experiences of the elderly. Method: This qualitative study was conducted through grounded theory method in 2014-2015. Sampling was initiated with purposeful sampling method and continued with theoretical sampling method. The study environment consisted of cultural centers, artistic-cultural associations, and parks in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 35 elderly adults until data saturation was achieved. Data were analyzed and coded through 3 phases of open, axial, and selective coding suggested by Strauss and Corbin. Results: “Reduction of roles” was the context for the phenomenon or main theme of the study which manifested as “agency-oriented existentialism”. This theme consisted of two sub-categories of “continuity of self” and “effective identity seeking” and wasthe main essence of experiences of active elderly. Causal conditions for active aging consisted of the subcategories of “internalized health tendency”, “quality of life time perception”, and “rethinking the quality of presence in relationships”. Conclusion: At first glance, active aging appears as a behavior type, but in fact it is an attempt for agency-oriented existentialism and it requires elderly individuals’ different perception about time, their presence, and health tendency. Keywords: Active aging, Grounded theory, Agency orientation, Quality of perceptio

A Review and Analysis of the Effects of Colors of Light On the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Panels

Solar energy is quite simple as the energy can be obtained from the sun directly. Solar energy is categorized as one of the best renewable energy since it does not emit carbon dioxide and because of unlimited supports from the sun. In this paper, three main sections of solar technologies like photovoltaic solar panel, concentrating solar power, heating and cooling system which is available present days have been investigated.  In the second part of this research, an experiment has been carried out to evaluate the effects of colors of light on the performance of solar photovoltaic panels. Different colors of light having different wavelength, resulting in different frequency and hence different energy. In general, the solar spectrum influences the performance of the solar panels. The results show that the solar panels are influenced more by the red color of light. This report will start off by detailing the three main solar technologies, followed by the testing on the colors of light with the solar panels

A Review and Analysis of the Effects of Colors of Light On the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Panels

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Determining Psychometric Properties of Iranian Active Aging Measurement Instrument

Objectives This study aimed at developing and determining psychometric properties of Active Aging Measurement Instrument (AAIM) as per the Iranian aging society. Methods & Materials This study was performed in two phases by applying the steps identified by Ingersoll-Dayton in 2015-2016. In the first phase, according to prior studies, a preliminary AAMI was developed through three steps. In the second phase through two steps, the psychometric properties of the AAMI were examined. A total of 350 older adults belonging to health-related educational centers in Tehran municipality were included in the psychometrics study using the three-phase cluster sampling method. Statistical tests such as item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's &alpha; coefficient, and Pearson correlation coefficient were performed by using SPSS 16. Results The finding of the first phase was a preliminary 6-item measurement instrument with 5 point responses (none to very much). In the second phase, the result of examining the face and content validity was elimination of 6 items, which led to a 55-item AAMI. The result of psychometric tests after item analysis and factor analysis was the final 40-item AAMI consisting of six factors: 1. social-institutional participation; 2. active mind maintenance; 3. social contacts; 4. agent attitude; 5. productive engagement; and 6. physical-functional activity which explained 56% of the total variance. Reliability of AAMI based on examining Cronbach's &alpha; coefficient was 0.88, and also its test-retest reliability was 0.95 (P<0.01). Conclusion The 40-item AAMI consisting of six factors in the present study not only was shown to be reliable, valid and appropriate for Iranian older adults but was also confirmed to have both subjective and objective dimensions

Analysis of Being Active Based on Older Adults’ Experience: A Qualitative Study of Active Aging Strategies

Objectives In recent decades, it has become important to approach aging issues from the point of view that can ensure older adults&rsquo; Quality of Life (QoL). As a result, countries have adopted a positive perspective with regard to aging, including active aging. The fact is that indigenous understanding of active aging is an unavoidable necessity for every society. Thus, the current study&rsquo;s aim was to understand active aging strategies based on older adults&rsquo; experience. Methods & Materials This qualitative study, conducted during 2014-2016, used the Grounded theory method. It was initiated with the help of purposeful sampling and continued by way of applying theoretical sampling. The study field was cultural centers, artistic-cultural associations, and parks of Tehran. Data saturation was achieved through semi-structured interviews carried out among 35 elders. Data were analyzed and coded through coding suggested by the Strauss and Corbin method. Reliability of data was fulfilled in accordance with the Schwandt, Lincoln and Guba criteria.&nbsp; Results Based on the experience of elders, active aging strategies consisted of 41 concepts, 7 subcategories, and 5 main categories. The categories and subcategories included primary strategies of isolation avoidance (not staying at home and interactionism), social participation (including continuity of career roles, volunteerism and institutional participation), strategies of active attitude and learning, physical activity and management of home&rsquo;s time and daily life&nbsp; Conclusion Active aging requires applying strategies in 3 areas: elders&rsquo; attitude, home environment, and society. For active aging in the country, practitioners and social planners need to strictly consider these 3 areas.&nbsp

A Review and Analysis of the Effects of Colors of Light On the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Panels

Solar energy is quite simple as the energy can be obtained from the sun directly. Solar energy is categorized as one of the best renewable energy since it does not emit carbon dioxide and because of unlimited supports from the sun. In this paper, three main sections of solar technologies like photovoltaic solar panel, concentrating solar power, heating and cooling system which is available present days have been investigated.&nbsp; In the second part of this research, an experiment has been carried out to evaluate the effects of colors of light on the performance of solar photovoltaic panels. Different colors of light having different wavelength, resulting in different frequency and hence different energy. In general, the solar spectrum influences the performance of the solar panels. The results show that the solar panels are influenced more by the red color of light. This report will start off by detailing the three main solar technologies, followed by the testing on the colors of light with the solar panels