Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Scutellaria Species

The genus Scutellaria (Labiatae) is represented by 25 species in Turkish flora. Some of Scutellaria species are used as tonic, wound healing, hemostatic, antioxidant and antitumor in the world. This is a comparative study to evaluate cytotoxic efficacy of three endemic Scutellaria species; S. salviifolia Bentham (SS), S. glaphyrostachys Rech.f. (SG), S. rubicunda Hornem. subsp. brevibracteata J.R.Edm. (SB) against three different cell lines (HEp-2: human cervix epithelial carcinoma, HeLa: human cervix epithelial cancer cell lines and L929: mouse fibroblast non-cancerous cell line) by MTT method. For the activity tests, methanol extracts of the aerial parts were used. IC50 values were found in a range of 378.0–494.7, 381.7–423.7 μg/ mL against HeLa and HEp-2 cell lines, respectively. All extracts showed lower cytotoxicity on L929 cell line than cancer cells with IC50 value (753.0–1524.6 μg/mL). Due to the results, SB was the most effective extract to both cancer cell lines. SS and SG were more sensitive on HEp-2 than HeLa cell line. Our findings indicated that Scutellaria extracts have selective cytotoxic activity on both tested cancer and non-cancerous cell lines. This selectivity is important for discovery of new anticancer agents

Cytotoxic and Antiinflammatory Activity Guided Studies on Plantago holosteum Scop.

The genus Plantago (Plantaginaceae) is represented by 21 species in Turkey. Plantago species are used as folk medicine, especially for wound healing, antiinflammatory and anticancer effects. Iridoid glucosides, phenylethanoid and flavonoid glycosides, caffeic acid derivatives, polysaccharides and lipids are main components of Plantago species. In this study; aerial parts of Plantago holosteum Scop. were investigated by bioactivity guided fractionation via cytotoxic and antiinflammatory effects. For this purpose; aqueous extract of plant, fractions and compounds isolated from active fractions were tested for their cytotoxic effects against HEp-2 cancer, L929 and RAW 264.7 noncancerous cell lines using MTT assay while anti-inflammatory effects were monitorized by the level of nitric oxide (NO) on LPS stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore; DPPH, NO, SO and ABTS radical scavenging capacities were also investigated to support this study. According to our results; aqueous extract and fractions showed selective cytotoxic effect on HEp-2 cancer cells and reduced the NO level with their increasing concentrations. Moreover, acteoside and isoacteoside isolated from active fractions, showed selective cytotoxic activity against HEp-2 cells and decreased the level of NO not compatible with increasing concentrations; thus cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of P. holosteum can be attributed to these compounds

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Moltkia Aurea Boiss

The water extract of M. aurea exhibited strong scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (SO) radicals. The free radical scavenging effect of the extract was found comparable to that of reference antioxidants, 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanizole (BHA) and ascorbic acid (AA, vitamin C). Cytotoxic activity of the extract was also investigated against three different cancer cell lines, Hep-2 (human larynx epidermoid carcinoma), RD (human rhabdomyosarcoma), L-20B (transgenic murine L-cells) and one non-cancerous cell line (VERO-African green monkey kidney epithelial cell) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. While dose dependent cytotoxic activity was observed against cancer cell lines, no cytotoxic effect on VERO cell line was found in the tested experiments. In addition, phytochemical investigations to identify chemical content of the plant were resulted to the isolation of (+)-syringaresinol-4'-O-b-glucopyranoside (1), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (Rutine, 3) and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (4) on the basis of different spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, HR ESI-MS).Wo

Alpha-Pyrone Glycosides From Scutellaria Salviifolia Benth

Scutellaria salviifolia Benth. is an endemic species growing in Turkey that belongs to the family Lamiaceae. As a result of a phytochemical study on the aerial parts of S. salviifolia Benth., two new and 10 known compounds were isolated from the aqueous fraction of methanolic extract. The new compounds are methyl-ff-pyrone glucosides, 3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylpyran-2-one 3-O-beta-glucopyranoside (=scusalvioside A, 1), and 3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylpyran2- one 3-O-beta-(6 `-O-E-caffeoyl) glucopyranoside (=scusalvioside B, 2) with new skeletal structures. Along with them, 3 phloroglucinol glucosides [phlorin (3), tadehaginoside (4), and 6 `'-O-Z-p-coumaroyl phloroglucinol-1-O-beta-glucopyranoside (5)], 6 flavonoids [apigenin (6), apigenin 5-O-beta-glucopyranoside (7), isoschaftoside (8), luteolin 7O -beta-glucuronide (9), luteolin 4'-O-beta-glucopyranoside (10), and hispidulin (11)], and one phenylethanoid glycoside [martynoside (12)] were also isolated as known compounds. Compounds 2 and 8 were isolated as a mixture. Structure elucidations of the isolated compounds were carried out using UV, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS analyses. Moreover, the phenylethanoid glycosides acteoside (13) and leucosceptoside A (14) were also detected in the plant by HPLC-DAD study. Tadehaginoside, 6 `'-O-Z-p-coumaroyl phloroglucinol-1-O-beta-glucopyranoside, and luteolin 4 `-O-fi-glucopyranoside were reported for the first time from a Scutellaria species with this study.WoSScopu

Evaluation Of Some Biological Effects Of Incarvillea Emodi (Royle Ex Lindl.) Chatterjee And Determination Of Its Active Constituents

This present study was an evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Incarvillea emodi (Bignoniaceae). The aqueous extracts of different parts of Incarvillea emodi, collected from different places in Pakistan, were tested for radical scavenging effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide (SO) and [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] (ABTS center dot+) radicals. DPPH radical scavenging effects of three polyamide column fractions of one extract were also tested. The cytotoxicity of the extracts were tested against Hep-2 (human larynx epidermoid carcinoma) cancer cell line by MTT [3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] method. In addition, an HPLC-DAD system was used to show the presence of phenylethanoid glycosides in the most active polyamide column fraction. The free radical scavenging effects of the extracts were found comparable to that of reference antioxidants, 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanizole (BHA), quercetin and ascorbic acid (AA). Concentration dependent cytotoxic activity was observed against Hep-2 cancer cell line. Two phenylethanoid glycosides, acteoside and leucosceptoside A, were identified in the active polyamide column fraction at HPLC-DAD system. The presence of phenylethanoid glycosides in Incarvillea emodi was shown for the first time with this study. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity researches are important for developing new drugs. Our results supported to use of Incarvillea emodi as folk medicine due to several biological effects in Pakistan. Moreover, the use of Incarvillea genus as a traditional ethnoveterinary medicine in dyspepsia and internal diseases were reported in previous studies.WoSScopu

The inhibitory effects of isolated constituents from Plantago major subsp. major L. on collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase enzymes

Plantago major L. which is a medicinal plant with important biological activities, commonly used as traditional medicine. Potential inhibitory activities of the aqueous extract and three isolated constituents calceorioside B (1), homoplantaginin (hispidulin-7-O-glucoside) (2) and plantamajoside (3) from the aerial parts of Plantago major subsp. major L. (Plantaginaceae) have been tested against hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase, which play critical roles in wound pathogenesis. Even though, the extract (27.04%), and among the isolated compounds, calceorioside B (41.16%) exerted significant inhibition against hyaluronidase enzyme, homoplantaginin and plantamajoside were found to be inactive. Similar results were obtained from collagenase enzyme inhibition test. The extract (21.92%) and calceorioside B (28.34%) also caused notable inhibition in this test. However, no remarkable inhibition was observed in the presence of elastase enzyme. The experimental data revealed that P. major subsp. major displayed remarkable inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase and collagenase enzymes. In vitro enzyme activity of P. major subsp. major is reported for the first time in the current study.PubMe

Enzyme inhibitory assessment of the isolated constituents from Plantago holosteum Scop.

Plants of the Plantago genus are widely used in Turkish folk medicine especially for the treatment of wound, abscess, and inflammation. The aqueous extract and five phenylethanoid glycosides acteoside (1), arenarioside (2), echinacoside (3), isoacteoside (4), and leucosceptoside A (5) isolated from the aerial parts and roots of Plantago holosteum Scop. (Plantaginaceae) were tested for their possible inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase, elastase, and collagenase, related to wound pathogenesis. Even though the aqueous extract prepared from the aerial parts (36.26\%) and roots (47.01\%) and the isolated compounds acteoside (29.13\%), echinacoside (28.73\%), and isoacteoside (31.69\%) exerted a notable inhibition, arenarioside and leucosceptoside A were found inactive in the hyaluronidase enzyme inhibition test. Similar results were obtained from the collagenase enzyme inhibition test. The aqueous extract prepared from the aerial parts (31.09\%) and roots (35.17\%), echinacoside (25.13\%), and isoacteoside (23.85\%) exerted a notable inhibition in this test. However, none of the extracts and isolated compounds displayed elastase enzyme inhibitory activity. The experimental data demonstrated that P. holosteum displayed a remarkable enzyme inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase and collagenase. This paper is the first report regarding the in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity of P. holosteum

Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Phlomis integrifolia Hub.-Mor

Two new phenylethanoid glycosides integrifoliosides A (2) and B (3), along with a known phenylethanoid glycoside alyssonoside (1) and a flavone glucoside chrysoeriol-7-O--d-glucopyranosid