Descrição e discriminação de variedades crioulas de feijão-caupi na Amazônia Ocidental brasileira

O feijão-caupi possui grande importância socioeconômica na região Norte do Brasil, onde há o predomínio do cultivo de subsistência e, por consequência, conservação de germoplasma ainda pouco conhecido. Assim objetivou-se caracterizar e discriminar variedades crioulas de feijão-caupi no Estado do Acre, Brasil, com base em descritores morfológicos. No ensaio de caracterização foram mensurados 22 descritores quantitativos e 15 categóricos em blocos casualizados com três repetições. A análise de correspondência foi aplicada nos descritores categóricos e o método dos modelos mistos nos quantitativos. A estrutura dos valores genotípicos dos descritores com variabilidade foi analisada pelo agrupamento hierárquico e componentes principais. A análise de correspondência explicou 76,5% da variação total, relacionando porte da planta e cor de semente e vagem. Os descritores quantitativos, com herdabilidades individuais de 0,36 a 0,76, mostraram acurácia de 79% a 95%. As variedades foram agrupadas pelo florescimento precoce e tardio. Os três primeiros componentes principais (83,2%) apontam os descritores relacionados à semente (36,1%), folha (26,1%) e florescimento (21,0%) como os de maior poder discriminante. As variedades Manteguinha e Quarentão são as mais divergentes.

Uso da metodologia REML/BLUP para seleção de genótipos de laranjeira-doce

The objective of this work was to select superior sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) genotypes with higher yield potential based on data from eight harvests, using the residual or restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction (REML/BLUP) methodology. The experiment was carried out from 2002 to 2008 and in 2010 in the municipality of Rio Branco, in the state of Acre, Brazil. Analyzes of deviance were performed to test the significance of the components of variance according to the random effects of the used model, and parameters were estimated from individual genotypic and phenotypic variances. A selection intensity of 20% was adopted regarding genotypic selection, i.e., only the best 11 of the 55 genotypes tested were selected. The estimates of the genetic parameters show the existence of genetic variability and the selection potential of the studied sweet orange genotypes. The genotypic correlation between harvests is of low magnitude, except for the variable average fruit mass, and, as a reflex, there is a change in the ordering of the genotypes. Genotypes 5, 48, 19, 14, and 47 stand out as being the most productive, and, therefore, are the most suitable for selection purposes. Genotypes 14 and 47 show superior performance for the character set evaluated.O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar genótipos superiores de laranjeira-doce (Citrus sinensis) com maior potencial produtivo com base em dados de oito safras, com uso da metodologia “residual or restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction” (REML/BLUP). O experimento foi realizado de 2002 a 2008 e em 2010, no município de Rio Branco, no estado do Acre, Brasil. Análises de deviance foram realizadas para testar a significância dos componentes da variância de acordo com os efeitos aleatórios do modelo utilizado, e os parâmetros foram estimados a partir das variâncias genotípicas e fenotípicas individuais. Foi adotada uma intensidade de seleção de 20% em relação à seleção genotípica, ou seja, apenas os melhores 11 dos 55 genótipos testados foram selecionados. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos mostram a existência de variabilidade genética e o potencial de seleção dos genótipos de laranjeira-doce estudados. A correlação genotípica entre as safras é de baixa magnitude, exceto para a variável massa média dos frutos, e, como reflexo, há uma mudança na ordenação dos genótipos. Os genótipos 5, 48, 19, 14 e 47 se destacam como os mais produtivos e, portanto, são os mais adequados para fins de seleção. Os genótipos 14 e 47 apresentam desempenho superior para o conjunto de caracteres avaliados

EMERGENCE RATE OF THE MEXICAN BEAN WEEVIL IN VARIETIES OF BEANS FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN AMAZON

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are one of the most important protein sources worldwide. However, infestation by bruchids compromises the storage of these beans after harvest. The objective of this study was to determine the emergence rate of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in four P. vulgaris varieties (Carioca Pitoco, Enxofre, Gorgutuba Vermelho, and Rosinha) cultivated in the southwestern Amazon (State of Acre, Brazil). The grains from each variety were infested with 50 non-sexed adult Z. subfasciatus, and the insects were collected 13 days after initiating the bioassays. The adult progeny was collected from each plant variety on alternate days from the beginning to the end of the emergence period, and they were counted (number of insects/jar). The sum of emerged insects per day (SEd) was determined from the beginning of the emergence period, from which the accumulated emergence was calculated (SEa= ΣSEd, % day). There were differences in the emergence rates of Z. subfasciatus among the bean varieties, with the rates being lower in the Gorgutuba Vermelho variety. Although this bean variety had the lowest peak of adult insect emergence, the period of insect development was not of increased length in this variety compared to the other varieties. In general, the Gorgutuba Vermelho variety appears to be resistant to Z. subfasciatus

Importance and correlations of characters for cowpea diversity in traditional varieties

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a legume with ample plasticity, versatility and nutritional potential. It is a species widely used as a source of income and subsistence for small farmers in several Brazilian states, among them Acre. Due to the different varieties found in the State, it is the target of studies aiming at its genetic improvement. Thus, as one of the first stages of its improvement, it was aimed to determine the importance and correlations of characters for diversity and selection in traditional varieties of cowpea. The experiment was carried in completely randomized design, with plots consisting of four vase with capacity to 15.7 L, with one plant each and two replicates. The characteristics evaluated were: days for emergence, flowering (days), plant vigor (note), number of main stem nodes, apical leaflet length (mm), apical leaflet width (mm), length of pod (cm) and width of the pod (cm). The correlation coefficients (phenotypic, genotypic and environmental) were obtained, and the principal components analysis and the importance of the characters by the method proposed by Singh were carried out. The Singh method and principal components analysis were partially concordant in the distinction of the evaluated characters. The days for emergence, width of the apical leaflet, flowering and length of the apical leaflet were the main determinants for quantification of the genotypes and those that contributed the most to the variability of cowpea. The least discriminant characteristic by principal component analysis and recommended for discarding was plant vigor

Importance and correlations of characters for cowpea diversity in traditional varieties

<div><p>ABSTRACT Cowpea is a legume with ample plasticity, versatility and nutritional potential. It is a species widely used as a source of income and subsistence for small farmers in several Brazilian states, among them Acre. Due to the different varieties found in the State, it is the target of studies aiming at its genetic improvement. Thus, as one of the first stages of its improvement, it was aimed to determine the importance and correlations of characters for diversity and selection in traditional varieties of cowpea. The experiment was carried in completely randomized design, with plots consisting of four vase with capacity to 15.7 L, with one plant each and two replicates. The characteristics evaluated were: days for emergence, flowering (days), plant vigor (note), number of main stem nodes, apical leaflet length (mm), apical leaflet width (mm), length of pod (cm) and width of the pod (cm). The correlation coefficients (phenotypic, genotypic and environmental) were obtained, and the principal components analysis and the importance of the characters by the method proposed by Singh were carried out. The Singh method and principal components analysis were partially concordant in the distinction of the evaluated characters. The days for emergence, width of the apical leaflet, flowering and length of the apical leaflet were the main determinants for quantification of the genotypes and those that contributed the most to the variability of cowpea. The least discriminant characteristic by principal component analysis and recommended for discarding was plant vigor.</p></div

<b>Assessment of the feasilibility of different oil sources to biodiesel production</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v34i2.11259

The use of Biodiesel allows several advantages over diesel fuels such as lower pollutants emission profiles into the atmosphere, hand jobs posts creating, and reduction of imported diesel fuel. Since the program has begun, the soybean oil has been used as mainly raw material to biodiesel production. In fact, this culture is the only that can afford the production needs from biodiesel facilities. However, this oil is a commodity and alternatives fatty materials sources have to be found in order to increase the competitiveness of the process and release the oilseed production to food industry. This work has focused on evaluating the potential use of castor oil, ouricuri, babassu, castanets, macauba and seeds of passion fruit and pinecone as alternative sources to biodiesel production. The results have shown that the evaluation of moisture content of the samples plays an important role before oil content determination and except the seeds of passion fruit, all of them shown oil potential to supply biodiesel production needs. </p

Portugûes Stability and adaptability of sweet orange using mixed models

Evaluations with sweet oranges are usually performed in several harvests and places to verify the differential behavior according to the environmental variations. This makes the selection by traditional statistical methodologies more and more difficult since they have limitations in the case of data unbalanced, common in citrus during the experimental phase due to the possibility of plot loss over the years. The objective of this work was to estimate the temporal stability and adaptability of sweet orange genotypes cultivated in eight crops under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Rio Branco, Acre. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks containing 55 genotypes and three replications. Four agronomic characteristics were evaluated during eight harvests. The genetic parameters were estimated using the REML/BLUP methodology. After detecting the presence of significant interaction between genotypes and environments, stability and adaptability analyzes were conducted by the methods of the harmonic mean of the genotypic values ​​(HMGV), the relative performance of the genetic values ​​(RPGV) and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of the genotypic values ​​(HMRPGV). The HMRPGV can be used to select stable, adapted and productive sweet orange genotypes. The number 48, 19, 5, 14, 2, 47 and 37 sweet orange genotypes can be selected for cultivation in an environment similar to the one studied, as they simultaneously present high stability, adaptability and productivity.Evaluations with sweet oranges are usually performed in several harvests and places to verify the differential behavior according to the environmental variations. This makes the selection by traditional statistical methodologies more and more difficult since they have limitations in the case of data unbalanced, common in citrus during the experimental phase due to the possibility of plot loss over the years. The objective of this work was to estimate the temporal stability and adaptability of sweet orange genotypes cultivated in eight crops under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Rio Branco, Acre. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks containing 55 genotypes and three replications. Four agronomic characteristics were evaluated during eight harvests. The genetic parameters were estimated using the REML/BLUP methodology. After detecting the presence of significant interaction between genotypes and environments, stability and adaptability analyzes were conducted by the methods of the harmonic mean of the genotypic values ​​(HMGV), the relative performance of the genetic values ​​(RPGV) and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of the genotypic values ​​(HMRPGV). The HMRPGV can be used to select stable, adapted and productive sweet orange genotypes. The number 48, 19, 5, 14, 2, 47 and 37 sweet orange genotypes can be selected for cultivation in an environment similar to the one studied, as they simultaneously present high stability, adaptability and productivity