Metoclopramide-OROS Dispersible Tablets Optimized Formula Bioavailability Study

BACKGROUND: Bioavailability and bioequivalence studies required by regulations to ensure therapeutic equivalence between a pharmaceutically equivalent test product and a reference product. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability performance between the optimum formula of OROS dispersible tablet-metoclopramide dosage forms (FCL-6) and the Primperan® as the reference product. METHODS: The FCL-6 formula was design by simplex lattice design model with a three components mixture of excipients: Solid tapai extract, corn starch, and Avicel. The optimum formula of OROS dispersible tablet (ODT)-metoclopramide consists of solid tapai extract (27.038 mg), corn starch (27.407 mg), and Avicel (53.555 mg), metoclopramide hydrochloric acid (HCl) (10.00 mg), LH-11 (22.50 mg), aspartame (5.00 mg), talcum BP (3.00 mg), and Mg stearate (1.50 mg). The in vivo test was done by cross-over design method using six rabbits. The level of metoclopramide concentration from in vivo test was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography instrument. RESULTS: The study revealed that the tmax, Cmax, and area under curve (AUC) of ODT-metoclopramide FCL-6 were 60 min, 1.95 ± 0.13 μg/mL, and 1118.20 ± 150 μg/mL. min consecutively. The Cmax and the concentration of the drug absorbed in the blood (AUC) of ODT-metoclopramide were larger than Primperan® tablets. Statistical data of the optimized ODT-metoclopramide compared with Primperan® showed that the Cmax and AUC significance values were <0.05 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The optimized formula of ODT-metoclopramide revealed a better characteristic of Cmax and AUC concentration compared with Primperan®. The optimized ODT-metoclopramide with tapai extract was found to be promising to improved bioavailability of metoclopramide

EDUCATION AND DETECTION OF URIC ACID OF BANDAR KLIPPA COMMUNITY IN PERCUT SEI TUAN DISTRICT, 2022

Asam urat sebagai hasil metabolisme senyawa purin atau xanthin, peningkatan konsumsi senyawa purin atau xanthin menyebabkan akumulasi kristal dari senyawa asam urat dengan notabene sukar larut dalam air. Asam urat darah dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, misalnya makanan kaya purin dan xanthin, suku, physic activity, supply alkohol, dan usia. Darah hanya mampu menampung sampai tingkat tertentu, kadar melebihi daya larut, di atas 6,8 mg/dl disebut hiperurisemia, Hiperurisemia bisa berlangsung lama dan sebagian bias menjadi artritis gout. Gout dikenal sebagai penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan penderita mengalami nyeri yang hebat pada sendi. Pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan metode penyuluhan dan pemeriksaan kadar asam urat darah peserta. Masyarakat diharapkan dapat menambah pengetahuan tentang kadar asam urat darah sehingga mengurangi resiko Gout. Serta mengetahui kadar asam urat darah peserta pada saat pengecekan

THE FORMULATION OF DRY CURCUMA (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) EXTRACT MICROCAPSULES BY SPRAY WET MICROENCAPSULATION TECHNIQUES

 Objective: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. was used as hereditary medicinal plant for prevention of liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal disease, fever, and hemorrhoid. Curcuma extract was easy to damage because the light exposure, change of pH, weather and a long period of storage time. The problem can be solved by coating the extract with spray wet microencapsulation (SWM) technique. SWM technique is a method of preparing microcapsules in which a solution, suspension, or emulsion with a charged matrix is sprayed into opposing solution. The aim of this research was to formulate the dry Curcuma extract with SWM technique using sodium alginate as matrix.Methods: Brown algae (Sargassum ilicifolium) was a main resource of alginate acid. It was isolated using HCl 5% to make alginate acid and sodium alginate that was obtained by adding Na2CO3 5% to alginate acid solution. The microencapsulation process of Curcuma extract was done by SWM technique. The formula of Curcuma extract microencapsulation was design into three formulas: F1, F2, and F3. Microcapsules of Curcuma extract were being characterized for color intensity, analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM), compressibility index, flowing time, and determination of angle repose.Results: The results showed that the higher concentration of sodium alginate used, the dry Curcuma extract microcapsules produced better. Particle size of extract microcapsules of Curcuma extract microcapsules SEM from F1, F2, F3 was 20 μm whereas dry weight of extracted microcapsule of Curcuma grows with increasing concentration of sodium alginate: F1 (0.2%) 19.86±0.11 g, F2 (0.4%) 20.66±0.73, F3 (0.6%) 21.29±0.64. The flowing time of F1, F2, and F3 was 6.92±0.56, 7.42±0.50, and 8.05±0.54 s consecutively.Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the study result, it can be concluded that the raw materials of Curcuma extract can be made by SWM technique using sodium alginate isolated from brown algae, and the characterization of dry Curcuma extract microcapsule of the three formulas met the requirements of the pre-formulation tests for capsule dosage form

TINOSPORA EXTRACT (TINOSPORA CRISPA (L.) MIERS.) ENCAPSULATION WITH SODIUM ALGINATE ISOLATED FROM BROWN ALGAE (SARGASSUM ILICIFOLIUM)

  Objective: Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) is well known as a bitter medicinal plant and traditionally has been used to treat rheumatism, gout, bruise, and fever and also to stimulate appetite. The bitter flavor of Tinospora extract has influenced the patient's compliance in using the Tinospora extract, especially for the pediatric patients. Encapsulation was a coated process of drug using solid or liquid form of thin layer. The encapsulation process was used at the pharmaceutical and food industry to mask the bitter taste of product and protect the active ingredients from oxidation process. The study aims were to encapsulate the Tinospora extract with sodium alginate by drips method.Methods: Brown algae (Sargassum ilicifolium) were a resource of alginate acid. Brown algae were macerate using HCl 5% to produced alginate acid, and sodium alginate was obtained by adding Na2CO3 5% to alginate acid solution. The study revealed that sodium alginate resulted from brown algae isolation process was 19.98% of the wet weight of brown algae. The formula of Tinospora extract microencapsulation was design into three formulas with different sodium alginate concentrations (F1=0.5%, F2=1%, and F3=1.5%).Results: The microcapsule resulted from three formulas had the various weight of xerogel alginate but with similar diameter. Xerogel alginate weight of F1 was 1.98 g, F2 was 2.15 g, and F3 was 3.21 g. It can be concluded that the weight of xerogel alginate microcapsule and form of microcapsule were depended on the sodium alginate concentration.Conclusions: The xerogel alginate microcapsule was evaluated for pre-formulation test, and the results showed that the microcapsule met the requirements of pre-formulations parameters without the adding of lubrication compound. The hedonic organoleptics test revealed that the microencapsulation process was able to cover the bitter taste and odor of Tinospora extract

Dynamic Assessment in Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory: Origins and Main Concepts

Language assessment is the significant component of foreign language learning/ teaching. An aim of language assessment is to find about how much the process of education improves learners’ knowledge of the target language. One alternative to standardized testing, Dynamic Assessment derived from Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory offers a new insight into the field of assessment through integrating instruction and assessment. Dynamic assessment is a method of conducting a language testing to investigate and highlight the individual learner's possessed skills and potential development. The present study is going to display an overview of the importance of dynamic assessment in L2 learning, emphasizing the origins and principal concepts involved in the process. The study highlights the derivation of dynamic assessment from Vygotsky’s prominent sociocultural theory. Then it brings about an introduction to zone of proximal development the concept of which learner's cognitive development results through the application of dynamic assessment. Later the study discusses dynamic assessment in detail and introduces its differences with the traditional testing formats as well as introducing forms of dynamic assessment

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WET AND DRY FISH FORMALIN FROM PANCUR BATU MARKET TRADERS

Ikan salah satu dari sekian banyak kekayaan alam bahari Indonesia. Lauk pauk ikan banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat, mudah diperoleh di pasar dengan harga terjangkau. Namun ikan basah dan ikan kering mudah dan cepat mengalami pembusukan. Mikroba ada sejak ikan masih hidup. Aktivitas mikroba menyebabkan perubahan biokimia dan fisik ikan sehingga bau busuk. Kondisi busuk diketahui setelah bau busuk tersebar dan timbul lendir, warna suram, mata keruh dan sebagainya. Pengawetan ikan basah dan ikan kering dilakukan dengan mengurangi kadar air. Pengawetan merupakan daya upaya peyelamatan hasil tangkapan ikan oleh nelayan. Pembusukan ikan dihambat dengan penambahan garam, sehingga penyimpanan ikan lebih lama tanpa aktivitas bakteri dan enzim. Pesatnya teknik pengolahan pangan, penambahan bahan-bahan aditif pada bahan pangan sulit untuk dihindari, akibatnya keamanan pangan telah menjadi dasar pemilihan suatu produk pangan yang akan dikonsumsi. Bahan aditif berbahaya sulit dihindari, selalu ditemukan dalam pangan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui keberadaan formalin sebagai pengawet dalam ikan basah dan ikan kering dari pedagang pasar Pancur Batu secara kualitatif dengan pereaksi tertentu. Penelitian deskriptif menggunakan masing-masing lima sampel ikan basah dan kering yang dijual di pasar Pancur Batu. Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi satu sampel ikan dari pedagang pasar Pancur Batu mengalami perubahan warna ungu pada Kit Tes. Satu dari kelima sampel ikan basah dan kering positif ada formalin

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA MENGUNGKAPKAN GAGASAN MELALUI METODE DISKUSI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS XA SMA NEGERI 1 TOLITOLI UTARA

The idea XA grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Tolitoli Utara can be improved. It was revealed from a study of the problem: (1) how the application of the method of discussion to improve the students express ideas in class XA SMA Negeri 1 Tolitoli Utara? And (2) whether the application of the results of the discussion method can improve the students express ideas in class XA SMA Negeri 1 Tolitoli Utara?. This study aims to (1) describe the application of the method of discussion to improve the students express ideas in class XA SMA Negeri 1 Tolitoli Utara and (2) describe the results of applying the method of discussion to improve the students express ideas in class XA SMA Negeri 1 Tolitoli Utara. Methods of data collection using the oral tests, observation and documentation. Qualitative data analysis techniques and quantitative techniques. The results showed that (1) the application of the method of discussion in several stages, The first researcher to prepare articles that will be distributed to students; two researchers set up research pieces express the idea of learning implementation skills; The third researcher prepares a camera to document the activities of teachers and students during the learning process; After that process, the skills students express ideas increased. The percentage of skill express the idea of students has increased at every meeting of the first cycle and the second cycle. Improved skills of students express the idea in the first cycle of 65.75 from 41.33 the initial conditions. In the second cycle increased by 74.67

Passion-Oranges Syrup Production Gung Pinto Village Tanah Karo

Syrup is a beverage product resulting from the production of a mixture of water and sugar at a content of not less than 65%, whether or not ingredients are in the form of food with or without food additives, which have received permission to use according to the regulations of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. Fruit syrup is made from fresh fruit juice with sugar and the taste and aroma of the fruit. Fruits used in syrup production must have an attractive color, aroma and distinctive taste. Example the taste and aroma of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis S) and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L). Sweet orange and passion fruit are used as a source of fruit syrup juice. Sweet oranges are widely grown in Indonesia, including North Sumatra, especially in Gung Pinto Village, Tanah Karo. During the main harvest, there is usually a decrease in the price of oranges so that farmers are reluctant to pick the fruit which has been the foundation of their lives. This problem triggers farmers to look for solutions so that their crops do not rot on the trees. Community Service is here to provide a solution by increasing the skills of the community to make Passion Fruit Syrup for the people in the village of Gung Pinto Tanah Karo. The service is carried out by training how to make Passion-Orange syrup by doing direct practice and evaluating the resulting product with a hedonic test. The results showed that the Passion-Orange syrup product showed very good color, taste, aroma and texture, and the public was very happy with the results of the Passion-Orange syrup product. The conclusion of the service shows that the syrup product produced is very good and the community is very happy with the results of the syrup product

ANALISIS KESESUAIAN INSTRUMEN EVALUASI DALAM BUKU TEKS BAHASA INDONESIA SMA KELAS X DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF SISWA

Artikel ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian instrumen evaluasi buku teks bahasa Indonesia SMA kelas X terbitan Tiga Serangkai dengan perkembangan kognitif siswa. Objek penelitian ini adalah instrumen evaluasi berbentuk tes esai (uraian) yang terdapat pada buku teks bahasa Indonesia (BTBI) SMA kelas X berjumlah 60 butir soal. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah prosedur observasi yaitu (1) mengidentifikasi objek penelitian, (2) menjelaskan berbagai jenis data yang telah dikumpulkan, dan (3) membahas data hasil penelitian. Pengidentifikasian objek penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengoding berbagai data tentang indikator perkembangan kognitif siswa, yaitu dengan cara menelaah kata-kata operasional yang digunakan serta bentuk tagihan atau kompetensi yang akan diukur. Hasil pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan data persentase. Berdasarkan analisis 3 karakteristik perkembangan kognitif siswa terhadap 60 butir soal uraian diperoleh 41, 67% berpikir abstrak, 20%  kemampuan berpikir sistematik, dan 38, 33% kemampuan berpikir eksperimentasi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrumen evaluasi yang ada dalam buku teks bahasa Indonesia SMA kelas X terbitan Tiga Serangkai sesuai dengan perkembangan koginitif siswa