Causa mortis dos doadores e motivo de descarte das córneas : banco de olhos do Distrito Federal 2014-2017

Objetivo: Identificar as causas do descarte de córneas no Banco de Olhos do Distrito Federal, em Brasília, Brasil, descrever as variáveis sociodemográficas e causa de morte dos doadores de córnea de 2014 a 2017. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo exploratório e socioepidemiológico sobre as doações de córnea. As informações da base de dados foram obtidas a partir da análise dos prontuários dos doadores. Todos os registros dos potenciais doadores (causa da morte, causa do descarte, mês de doação, idade, sexo e tempo de morte, enucleação e preservação da córnea), de 2014 a 2017, foram incluídos no estudo. Resultados: Analisamos 1.574 notificações de doadores. Características demográficas apresentaram diferenças significativas na distribuição por sexo (masculino, 74,8% e feminino, 25,2%). A idade média dos doadores foi de 40 ± 15,9 anos. 25% das causas de morte foram de doenças cardiovasculares, seguidas de 19,6% de perfurações por arma de fogo e 14,2% de múltiplos traumas. Descrevemos as 3.074 córneas doadas ao Banco de Olhos do DF e onde apenas 2,6% não foram captadas. Dos 3.074 tecidos da córnea, quase 60% (n = 1.836) foram transplantados e 40% (n = 1.238) foram descartados. Quanto às causas de descarte, 68% (n = 841) foram devidas a exames sorológicos positivos ou indeterminados e 39% (n = 486) por tempo de vencimento (período máximo de preservação da córnea). Conclusões: Questões específicas como causas violentas de morte, desproporção de gênero e tempo total de processamento da córnea podem ser melhor gerenciadas para reduzir o tempo de captação e a disponibilidade de tecido para transplante.Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the causes for discarding corneas at the Eye Bank of the Federal District in Brasilia, Brazil, and describe the social and demographic variables and Causa Mortis of cornea donors from 2014 to 2017. Methods: We conducted an exploratory and social-epidemiologic descriptive study regarding cornea donation. The data base information was obtained from the corneal donor's medical records analysis. All of the potential donors' records (cause of death, cause of cornea discard, month of donation, age, gender, and time of death, corneal enucleation and preservation), from 2014 to 2017 were included in the study. Results: We looked at 1,574 corneal donor notifications. Demographic characteristics displayed significant differences in gender distribution (male, 74.8% and female, 25.2%), and the average donor age was 40 ± 15.9 years. 25% of the causes of death were from cardiovascular disease followed by 19.6% from sharp or blunt instrument injury, 14.2% resulted from multiple traumas. We described 3,074 donated corneas from the DF Eye Bank, where 2.6% has not been uptaken. Of those 3,074 corneal tissues, nearly 60% (n=1,836) have been transplanted and 40% (n=1,238) were discarded. Regarding the causes of discard, 68% (n=841) were due to positive or indeterminate serological blood tests and 39% (n=486) because of matureness (expired medium guaranteed period of corneal preservation). Conclusions: Specific issues such as violent causes of death, gender disproportion and total time of corneal processing can be better managed to reduce procurement times, and availability, of corneal tissue for transplantation

A Truncated Nef Peptide from SIVcpz Inhibits the Production of HIV-1 Infectious Progeny

Nef proteins from all primate Lentiviruses, including the simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz), increase viral progeny infectivity. However, the function of Nef involved with the increase in viral infectivity is still not completely understood. Nonetheless, until now, studies investigating the functions of Nef from SIVcpz have been conducted in the context of the HIV-1 proviruses. In an attempt to investigate the role played by Nef during the replication cycle of an SIVcpz, a Nef-defective derivative was obtained from the SIVcpzWTGab2 clone by introducing a frame shift mutation at a unique restriction site within the nef sequence. This nef-deleted clone expresses an N-terminal 74-amino acid truncated peptide of Nef and was named SIVcpz-tNef. We found that the SIVcpz-tNef does not behave as a classic nef-deleted HIV-1 or simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques SIVmac. Markedly, SIVcpz-tNef progeny from both Hek-293T and Molt producer cells were completely non-infectious. Moreover, the loss in infectivity of SIVcpz-tNef correlated with the inhibition of Gag and GagPol processing. A marked accumulation of Gag and very low levels of reverse transcriptase were detected in viral lysates. Furthermore, these observations were reproduced once the tNef peptide was expressed in trans both in SIVcpzΔNef and HIV-1WT expressing cells, demonstrating that the truncated peptide is a dominant negative for viral processing and infectivity for both SIVcpz and HIV-1. We demonstrated that the truncated Nef peptide binds to GagPol outside the protease region and by doing so probably blocks processing of both GagPol and Gag precursors at a very early stage. This study demonstrates for the first time that naturally-occurring Nef peptides can potently block lentiviral processing and infectivity

Update on the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology-2019

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