Preparation and Organization of Golf Tournament

Import 05/08/2014Cílem této bakalářské práce je popsat a objasnit všechny náležitosti přípravy a organizace golfového turnaje. Zaměřil jsem se na pořádání regionálního amatérského golfového turnaje. Zvolenou situaci jsem řešil za pomocí fiktivního příkladu golfového turnaje. V této práci jsem použil výzkumné metody SWOT analýza, SMART analýza, introspekce a výzkumné techniky rozhovor a pozorování. Díky zvolenému příkladu přípravy a organizování golfového turnaje bylo možné, aplikovat obecné zákonitosti a dílčí procesy a hodnoty do reálné situace, která přibližuje všechny detaily pořádání sportovně společenské akce a zároveň reflektuje postavení golfu v České republice. Tato práce by měla sloužit jako návod a zdroj informací pro potenciální organizátory golfových turnajů.The goal of this bachelor thesis is to describe and clarify all the essentials of preparation and organization of a golf tournament. I aimed at running a regional amateur golf tournament. I solved the situation by creating fictive example of a golf tournament. In this thesis I used the exploratory methods SWOT analysis, SMART analysis and introspection and exploratory techniques dialogue and observation. Thanks to the example of preparation and organization of the golf tournament I was able to apply general regularities and particular processes and values to the real situation, which introduces all the details of running a sports-social event and also reflects the condition of golf in the Czech Republic. This bachelor thesis should be instrumental towards the potential organizers of the golf tournament as a guideline and source of information.115 - Katedra managementuvelmi dobř

Enterocyte-Derived TAK1 Signaling Prevents Epithelium Apoptosis and the Development of Ileitis and Colitis

Recent studies have revealed that TAK1 kinase is an essential intermediate in several innate immune signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of TAK1 signaling in maintaining intestinal homeostasis by generating enterocytes-specific constitutive and inducible gene deleted TAK1 mice. We found that enterocyte-specific constitutive TAK1 deleted mice spontaneously developed intestinal inflammation as observed by histological analysis and enhanced expression of IL-1β, MIP2 and IL-6 around the time of birth, which was accompanied by significant enterocytes apoptosis. When TAK1 was deleted in the intestinal epithelium of 4-week-old mice using an inducible knockout system, enterocytes underwent apoptosis and intestinal inflammation developed within 2–3 days following the initiation of gene deletion. We found that enterocytes apoptosis and intestinal inflammation were strongly attenuated when enterocyte-specific constitutive TAK1 deleted mice were crossed to TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)−/− mice. However, these mice later (>14 days) developed ileitis and colitis. Thus, TAK1 signaling in enterocytes is essential for preventing TNF-dependent epithelium apoptosis and the TNF-independent development of ileitis and colitis. We propose that aberration in TAK1 signaling might disrupt intestinal homeostasis and favor the development of inflammatory disease

A caffeine-sensitive membrane electrode: Previous misleading report and present approach

Although a previous study [S.S.M. Hassan, M.A. Ahmed, M.M. Saoudi, Anal. Chem. 57 (1985) 1126] had shown that a caffeine-sensitive electrode made with picrylsulfonate and 1-octanol as a cation-exchanger and a solvent mediator, respectively, had a wide working pH range (5.5-9.5) and exhibited a Nernstian response, we could not find such response in this electrode. The present result was reasonable, because the pK, value of caffeinium ion was reported to be around 0.7 and the neutral form of caffeine was predominant in the pH range examined. Thus, we reinvestigated the response characteristics of a caffeine electrode, taking into consideration the pKa value, and constructed a new electrode with a combination of the lipophilic cation-exchanger, tetrakis[3,5-bis(2-methoxyhexafluoro-2-propyl)phenyl]borate (HFPB), and the solvent mediator with high degree of dielectric constant, 2-fluoro-2'-nitrodiphenyl ether (FNDPE). This electrode showed a pH-dependent response to caffeinium ion and gave a detection limit of 50 mu M with a slope of 55 mV per concentration decade at pH 2. The use of other solvent mediators was less effective than that of FNDPE. The electrode was applied for the determination of caffeine in some central stimulants

Late-afternoon endurance exercise is more effective than morning endurance exercise at improving 24-h glucose and blood lipid levels

BackgroundGlucose and lipid tolerance reportedly exhibit diurnal variations, being lower in the evening than in the morning. Therefore, the effects of exercise on glucose and blood lipid levels at different times of the day may differ. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term endurance exercise intervention in the morning versus late afternoon on 24-h blood glucose variability and blood lipid levels.MethodsTwelve healthy young men participated in a randomized crossover trial. The participants were assigned to morning (09:00–11:00) or late afternoon (16:00–18:00) endurance exercise for a week, consisting of supervised exercise sessions on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. In the morning and evening trials, the participants walked for 60 min on a treadmill at approximately 60% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Following a 2-week wash-out period, the participants performed the exercise training regimen at another time point. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to evaluate blood glucose fluctuations during each 24-h trial period. Blood samples were collected before and after each intervention to examine blood lipid and hormonal responses.ResultsExamination of the area under the curve (AUC) of the glucose level changes for 24 h after the late afternoon versus morning exercise intervention revealed significantly lower values for the former versus the latter (P < 0.01). The AUC of glucose level changes after each meal was also lower after the late afternoon versus morning intervention, and significantly lower values were observed in the late afternoon versus morning trial for breakfast and dinner (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In addition, a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) and TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was noted after versus before the late afternoon intervention (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results suggest that late afternoon endurance exercise is more effective than morning endurance exercise at improving 24-h glucose and triglyceride levels

Hearing Loss Controlled by Optogenetic Stimulation of Nonexcitable Nonglial Cells in the Cochlea of the Inner Ear

Light-gated ion channels and transporters have been applied to a broad array of excitable cells including neurons, cardiac myocytes, skeletal muscle cells and pancreatic β-cells in an organism to clarify their physiological and pathological roles. Nonetheless, among nonexcitable cells, only glial cells have been studied in vivo by this approach. Here, by optogenetic stimulation of a different nonexcitable cell type in the cochlea of the inner ear, we induce and control hearing loss. To our knowledge, deafness animal models using optogenetics have not yet been established. Analysis of transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) induced by an oligodendrocyte-specific promoter identified this channel in nonglial cells—melanocytes—of an epithelial-like tissue in the cochlea. The membrane potential of these cells underlies a highly positive potential in a K+-rich extracellular solution, endolymph; this electrical property is essential for hearing. Illumination of the cochlea to activate ChR2 and depolarize the melanocytes significantly impaired hearing within a few minutes, accompanied by a reduction in the endolymphatic potential. After cessation of the illumination, the hearing thresholds and potential returned to baseline during several minutes. These responses were replicable multiple times. ChR2 was also expressed in cochlear glial cells surrounding the neuronal components, but slight neural activation caused by the optical stimulation was unlikely to be involved in the hearing impairment. The acute-onset, reversible and repeatable phenotype, which is inaccessible to conventional gene-targeting and pharmacological approaches, seems to at least partially resemble the symptom in a population of patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Taken together, this mouse line may not only broaden applications of optogenetics but also contribute to the progress of translational research on deafness