Karakterizacija sirodezmina izolovanih iz fitopatogene gljive Leptosphaeria maculans

The pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi is associated with phytotoxins, especially with their chemical nature and quantity. Sirodesmins are phytotoxins from the epipolythiodioxopiperazines group, produced by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, which are a cause of blackleg and stem canker in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The aim of this work was to obtain a detailed chemical profile of sirodesmins in five fungal isolates (four from Vojvodina, Serbia, and one from the Centre for Agricultural Research, Rothamsted, UK). Sirodesmins showing different phytotoxicity on treated cotyledons of cv. Quinta were separated and detected by thin layer chromatography in all analysed isolates (L.m, C-3, St-5 and S-11) except K-113, which neither contained sirodesmin congeners nor did it exhibit activity. By use of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometer, it was possible to identify total of 10 sirodesmins, together with their precursor-phomamide. It was found that the dominant epipolythiodioxopiperazines of the investigated L. maculans isolates were sirodesmin PL, sirodesmin C, and their de-acetylated derivatives.Patogenost fitopatogenih gljiva povezana je sa fitotoksinima, a naročito sa njihovom hemijskom prirodom i količinom. Sirodezmini su fitotoksini iz grupe epipolitiodioksopiperazina, koje proizvodi gljiva Leptosphaeria maculans, uzročnik suve truleži korena i raka stabla uljane repice. Cilj ovog rada bila je detaljna hemijska karakterizacija sirodezmina u pet izolata gljiva (četiri iz Vojvodine i jedan iz Velike Britanije, Centar za poljoprivredna istraživanja, Rothamsted). Kod svih ispitivanih izolata (L. maculans, C-3, St-3, S-11), osim K-113 (koji nije sadržao sirodezmine niti pokazivao aktivnost) tankoslojnom hromatografijom su razdvojeni i detektovani sirodezmini koji su pokazali različitu fitotoksičnost na tretiranim kotiledonima sorte Quinta. Primenom tečne hromatografije visoke efikasnosti, kuplovane sa tandemskim masenim spektrometrom, bilo je moguće identifikovati ukupno 10 sirodezmina, kao i njihov prekursor - fomamid. Utvrđeno je da su dominantni epipolitio-dioksopiperazini ispitivanih izolata L. maculans sirodezmin PL, sirodezmin C i njihovi deacetilovani derivati

Session 17 Ecophysiology

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Searching for the sense of national identity in the globalization context: Example of students in Croatia

The results of an empirical research on national identity and its components are presented in this paper. National identity was measured by the scale NAIT-K, which contains National identity scale NAIT with elements of MEIM (Phinney, 1992) and National identity scale (Cinnirella, 1997). Both instruments had high results for Cronbach alfa (α=0,92; α=0,87). In addition to these instruments, socio-demographic questionnaire was also used. On the sample of 209 students at Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb, results indicated medium strong national identity. The factor analysis of the structure of national identity measured by NAIT-K isolated five components. We defined them as: strong national identity, nationalism, cosmopolitism, conative dimension of national identity and nation loyalty as a form of traditional heritage. Statistically significant differences are determined in analyses of national identity and religiosity. It was shown that religious respondents have stronger national identity compared to nonreligious ones

Ispitivanje masnokiselinskog sastava u ulju semena suncokreta selekcije Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo

Stepen homogenosti suncokretovog ulja za 21 ispitivanu inbred liniju Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarsivo koje su gajene tokom 2017. godine na oglednom polju na Rimskim Sancevima, utvrden je primenom tehnike gasne hromatografije sa plameno-jonizujuéom detekeijom. Suncokretovo ulje je dobijeno postupkom hladnog presovanja suncokretovog semena. Sastav masnih kiselina u ulju utviden je postupkom transesterifikacije masnih kiselina u njihove isparljive metilestre primenom rastvora reagensa TMSH (trimetilsulfonijum-hidroksid uw metanolu) i dalje je analiziran tehnikom gasne hromatografije. Metilestri prisutnih masnih kiselina, dobijeni postupkom transesterifikacije, kvalitativno su odredeni na osnovu retencionih viemena, poredenjem sa retencionim vremenima dobijenim prethodnim analiziranjem smese metilestara masnih kiselina u analitickom standardu. Primenom hijararhijske klaster analize uspesno je dokazana slicnost med ispitiv ‘nim genotipovima, kao i njihove jasno grupisanje

Tocopherol composition in cold-pressed oil of Serbian confectionary sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseeds crop among the four major oilseeds crop cultivated in the world viz., soybean, brassica, sunflower and groundnut. Two types of sunflower are grown viz., gil seed purpose and non- oil seed sunflower for commercial market. Non-oilseed sunflower is known as confectionery sunflower and their seed generally is larger than that of the oilseed types and has a lower oil percentage with high protein and sugar content. Vegetable oils are significant sources of antioxidants in human nutrition. Natural antioxidants present in oils have obtained substantial attention because of their health and nutritional effects. Plants produce of antioxidant compounds such as tocopherols and tocotrienols to prevent oxidation of the susceptible substrate. Antioxidant properties the tocopherols content of oils can give human health benefits like modulating cancer, cardiovascular diseases and a protective effect by lowering LDL cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. Over the last few years, increased interest for natural antioxidant in cold-pressed plant oils has been observed since they have better nutritive properties in comparation to refined ones. The aim of this study was to investigate tocopherols composition (a-, B-, y- tocopherols) in selected 10 cold-pressed sunflower oils obtained from confectionary sunflower hybrids cultivated in Serbia (2017 harvest). Quantification of tocopherols was carried out using high performance liquid chromatographyon a column Nucleosil 100-5 NHz with fluorescence detection (Acx=280 nm, hem=340 nm). The mobile phase was n-hexane/ethyl acetate (70/30, v/v) with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Total tocopherols content in cold-pressed sunflower oils ranged from 413.13 mg/kg in NS-H-6791 hybrid to 720.99 mg/kg in NS-H-6488 hybrid. Major vitamers for those tested hybrids was a- tocopherol. The results have shown that there were significant differences in tocopherols composition and content among the hybrids, indicating the great genetic potential for improvement

High-performance liquid chromatography determination of tocopherols in wheat bran

Natural vitamin E is significant phytochemical compound with antioxidant activity and potential benefit for human health. The physiological role of vitamin E is in its ability to react with free radicals in cell membranes and preventing lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E is composed of eight different structurally related compounds, vitamers (a-, B-, y- and 65-tocopherols and a-, B-, y- and otocotrienols) which are known to occur in nature. Among cereals, wheat grain and wheat bran represent rich sources of tocopherols. The aim of this study was to investigate tocophérols composition (a-, B-, y- tocopherols) in selected 20 wheat genotypes. The samples consisted the bran portion of the outer layer of wheat grain that were the by-product of milling on the MLU 202 laboratory flour mill. Tocopherols were determined in the wheat bran samples by using the simple analytical method which includes extraction with hexane and normalphase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The mobile phase consisted a mixture of hexane:ethyl acetate (70:30, viv). Total tocopherols content in wheat bran extracts ranged from 28.08 in cv. Partizanka to 107.49 mg/kg in cv. Skopljanka The average contents of a-, B- and ytocopherols were in the range from 3.16 (a-tocopherol in cv. Partizanka) to 81.04 mg/kg (y- tocopherol in cv. Skopljanka). Major vitamers for those tested genotypes were a- and y- tocopherols. The results have shown that there were significant differences in tocopherols composition and content among the genotypes, indicating the great genetic potential for improvement. ords: Sulfor. finociception

Selection of NS rapeseed genotypes according to the useful value of oil

Rapeseed (Brassia napus L.) is the most common source of vegetable oils in Europe. Global production of Brassica oilseeds has increased faster over the past two decades than that of any other oilseed. Therefore, one of the main breeding objective is to create rapeseed genotypes with highly appreciated nutritional characteristics. The crude rapeseed oil is rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants and other phytonutrients essential for good human health