Induction and processing of the radiation-induced gamma-H2AX signal and Its link to the underlying pattern of DSB: A combined experimental and modelling study

We present here an analysis of DSB induction and processing after irradiation with X-rays in an extended dose range based on the use of the γH2AX assay. The study was performed by quantitative flow cytometry measurements, since the use of foci counting would result in reasonable accuracy only in a limited dose range of a few Gy. The experimental data are complemented by a theoretical analysis based on the GLOBLE model. In fact, original aim of the study was to test GLOBLE predictions against new experimental data, in order to contribute to the validation of the model. Specifically, the γH2AX signal kinetics has been investigated up to 24 h after exposure to increasing photon doses between 2 and 500 Gy. The prolonged persistence of the signal at high doses strongly suggests dose dependence in DSB processing after low LET irradiation. Importantly, in the framework of our modelling analysis, this is related to a gradually increased fraction of DSB clustering at the micrometre scale. The parallel study of γH2AX dose response curves shows the onset of a pronounced saturation in two cell lines at a dose of about 20 Gy. This dose is much lower than expected according to model predictions based on the values usually adopted for the DSB induction yield (≈ 30 DSB/Gy) and for the γH2AX foci extension of approximately 2 Mbp around the DSB. We show and discuss how theoretical predictions and experimental findings can be in principle reconciled by combining an increased DSB induction yield with the assumption of a larger genomic extension for the single phosphorylated regions. As an alternative approach, we also considered in our model the possibility of a 3D spreading-mechanism of the H2AX phosphorylation around the induced DSB, and applied it to the analysis of both the aspects considered. Our results are found to be supportive for the basic assumptions on which GLOBLE is built. Apart from giving new insights into the H2AX phosphorylation process, experiments performed at high doses are of relevance in the context of radiation therapy, where hypo-fractionated schemes become increasingly popular

Comment définir le service public à travers ses différentes facettes, missions et principes?

This paper introduces key notions to public services in Belgium and Europe such as: collective interest, public interest and general interest, analysed in a historical and evolutionary perspective, and then presented and discussed in their present understanding. Particular emphasis is put on the French notions issued from the French law given their contribution in shaping European law which is regulating today an important part of the organisation of public services. Missions attributed to public services are then classified following a Matriochka model, on the basis on their scope/proximity to the general interest: missions of general interest, missions of public service, missions of universal service and, finally, missions of minimum service. The seven basic principles framing public services are also presented. The second part of the paper deals with the notion of public service under the European Union’s perspective. Here the concept of services of general interest (SGI) is introduced and shaded with other deriving notions such as: services of general economic interest (SGEI) and social services general interest (SSGI). Principles and values at the basis of the European notions are finally presented and analysed through a review of legislation

Services publics et missions de service publicain belgique - Etat des lieux

This paper presents various possible ways of organizing public services, focusing on economic services entrusted with a public service mission. Sections 2 and 3 give a general overview of the public sector in Belgium and public enterprises in particular. It shows that the management contract has become the main instrument for ‘managing’ a public service mission in Belgium and for supervising its organisation. The federal legislation, which served as a model for public service contracts for the other levels of government, is explained in particular in Section 4. Various illustrations of companies – presented in the appendix to this paper – make it possible to detail certain missions entrusted by contract Management and by delegation of public service mission at various institutional levels in Belgium. Finally, Section 6 recalls the importance of investments in order to ensure quality public services.CIRIEC Working Paper N°2016/12Enjeux et importance des services publics en Belgiqu

Myositis in the course of the systemic form juvenile idiopathic arthritis

The systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) represents approximately 10% of all cases of JIA, there is no difference in onset rate between boys and girls. SJIA is characterized by pain of the joints, high, remitting fever, polymorphous skin rash and symptoms in other organs. Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, serositis, features of acute inflammation are observed. Often there is pain of the joints. But myositis is observed rarely. The presented case is 22-years-old male suffering from the systemic JIA, with fevers and myositis symptoms (mainly intercostal muscles) dominating in the initial stage of the disease. Discussed was the clinical image, diagnostic issues and treatment