A methodology for the generation of efficient error detection mechanisms

A dependable software system must contain error detection mechanisms and error recovery mechanisms. Software components for the detection of errors are typically designed based on a system specification or the experience of software engineers, with their efficiency typically being measured using fault injection and metrics such as coverage and latency. In this paper, we introduce a methodology for the design of highly efficient error detection mechanisms. The proposed methodology combines fault injection analysis and data mining techniques in order to generate predicates for efficient error detection mechanisms. The results presented demonstrate the viability of the methodology as an approach for the development of efficient error detection mechanisms, as the predicates generated yield a true positive rate of almost 100% and a false positive rate very close to 0% for the detection of failure-inducing states. The main advantage of the proposed methodology over current state-of-the-art approaches is that efficient detectors are obtained by design, rather than by using specification-based detector design or the experience of software engineers

Oil Recovery from Petroleum Sludge by Solvent Extraction Method

Industries developed during the last decades and the importance of oil is increasing. Petroleum is one of the most valuable non-renewable sources and it also, has the biggest effects on the environments after coal. Crude oil became the goal of many countries in order to increase their economies income, despite the outcome that has towards the environment. The crude oil that passes through the refinery process produces a large amount of waste, which is call petroleum sludge. The sludge has countless disadvantage that cause environmental hazards due to its remediation effects. In addition, it is very valuable energy and it can be recovered. So the companies used several methods in order to use this source and get benefit from it. One of the methods is the solvent extraction method and overall, this method can decrease the effect of the petroleum sludge on the environment but not that much. However, it can recover the waste and turn it to useful energy. The recovery can be done by different steps. The first step is making chemical compositions before using the instruments. Second step is to use the centrifuge machine which will separate the sludge and recover it into oil, sludge sediment and water. The third part is to use the residual carbon machine which will measure the solidcontent inside the sludge and it will help us to find the violate and non-violate hydrocarbons. Finally using the GC which is gas chromatography that checks the quality of the petrol and also the composition substance.

Effects of Crude Oil Spillage on the Physico-chemical Properties of Soil, Tarjan, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Kurdistan is a new oil producing region in the Middle East, and the oil wells are located in or near farm-lands. Crude oil spillage is a big threat to the soil fertility, which is especially important for farming. Spillage occurs due to the pipeline rupture, and traffic accidents involving tankers which are very common in Kurdistan. The physico-chemical properties of soil are susceptible to alteration when polluted with crude oil, and this issue is not been studied well in Kurdistan. The intent of this paper is to study the effects of crude oil spillage on the physico-chemical properties of soil in Tarjan village, Kurdistan region-Iraq. For this purpose soil samples were collected in the Tarjan area, tested in a laboratory, and compared to non-polluted soil sample. The pH values of the soil samples remained almost the same. The electrical conductivity, and salinity increased. The amount of sulfate increased, the amount of potassium decreased. The amount of lead increased. The changes in these parameters in the soil affected plant growth in the spillage area, as there was no sign of vegetation on the affected soils. There was a positive correlation between salinity and lead and negative correlation between pH, electrical conductivity, potassium ions and sulphate ions. Keywords: Crude oil, Soil, pH, EC, Salinity, Sulfate, Potassium, Lea

Separation of Sediment Contents and Water from Crude Oil of Khurmala and Guwayer Oil Fields in Kurdistan Region by using Centrifuge Method

The present research paper is aimed at determining water and sediment contents in crude oil by using centrifuge method in laboratory in which ASTM D 4007-02 is used to analyze the samples. Furthermore, water and sediment contents in crude oil should be removed because for custody transfer process purchasers prefer to pay only for crude oil and want to minimize the quantity of water and sediment contents in crude oil. Presence of water and sediment contents in crude oil creates problems such as corrosion of equipment when dealt in oil industry along with the problem of oil viscosity. We examined sixteen samples. Four samples were taken from Guwayer oil site area and remaining four from Khurmalla oil site area. These samples were analyzed properly at MNR laboratory in Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The crude oils is considered as the best if it contains less water and sediment content and the vice versa is for the worst quality of crude oil .The method is easy and sharp to check the quantity of sediments and water in crude oil samples in lab and this quantity helps to tell the quality of crude oil

A Vision of DevOps Requirements Change Management Standardization

DevOps (development and operations) aims to shorten the software development process and provide continuous delivery with high software quality. To get the potential gains of DevOps, the software development industry considering global software development (GSD) environment to hire skilled human resources and round-the-clock working hours. However, due to the lack of frequent communication and coordination in GSD, the planning and managing of the requirements change process becomes a challenging task. As in DevOps, requirements are not only shaped by development feedback but also by the operations team. This means requirements affect development, development affects operations and operations affect requirements. However, DevOps in GSD still faces many challenges in terms of requirement management. The purpose of this research project is to develop a DevOps requirement change management and implementation maturity model (DevOps-RCMIMM) that could assist the GSD organizations in modifying and improving their requirement management process in the DevOps process. The development of DevOps-RCMIMM will be based on the existing DevOps and RCM literature, industrial empirical study, and understanding of factors that could impact the implementation of the DevOps requirement change management process in the domain of GSD. This vision study presents the initial results of a systematic literature review that will contribute to the development of maturity levels of the proposed DevOps-RCMIMM

Quantum Software Engineering: A New Genre of Computing

Quantum computing (QC) is no longer only a scientific interest but is rapidly becoming an industrially available technology that can potentially tackle the limitations of classical computing. Over the last few years, major technology giants have invested in developing hardware and programming frameworks to develop quantum-specific applications. QC hardware technologies are gaining momentum, however, operationalizing the QC technologies trigger the need for software-intensive methodologies, techniques, processes, tools, roles, and responsibilities for developing industrial-centric quantum software applications. This paper presents the vision of the quantum software engineering (QSE) life cycle consisting of quantum requirements engineering, quantum software design, quantum software implementation, quantum software testing, and quantum software maintenance. This paper particularly calls for joint contributions of software engineering research and industrial community to present real-world solutions to support the entire quantum software development activities. The proposed vision facilitates the researchers and practitioners to propose new processes, reference architectures, novel tools, and practices to leverage quantum computers and develop emerging and next generations of quantum software

Where did librarianship go in the teaching curricula of iSchools?

Purpose – Information schools (iSchools) emerged because of the fast technological developments and the urgent need of information in the contemporary society. Despite many advantages, the iSchool movement confronted several challenges. The current study is aimed to address one of the key challenges, where did librarianship go in the teaching curricula of iSchools. Design/methodology/approach – This research adopted a desktop-based survey of the North American and the European iSchools websites. Also, a comprehensive literature was reviewed to get insight on the phenomenon under discussion. Findings – Literature based findings disclosed that iSchool movement is evolving, 19 members in 2005 and currently it is made up of 119 members representing five continents envisioned to improve the relationships between information, people and technology, the core philosophy of the movement. The findings, based on desktop survey of the iSchools websites, clearly demonstrated that the focus of the iSchools intended to offer the academic programmes focusing technology-based curricula related to interdisciplinary fields of information by marginalizing librarianship which may create hurdles to progress the information field with true spirit. This trend is quite visible in the North American iSchools compared to the European iSchools. Originality/value – Specifically, this research would provide insights to the iSchools curriculum developers and the information related disciplines in general

Impact of journalists’ Twitter use on their perceptions of job performance in the Pakistani context

Purpose –This study investigated factors affect the use of Twitter by Pakistani journalists and to what extent Twitter usage impact on their job performance. Design/methodology/approach –This study opted for a quantitative survey research design. The theoretical lens used in this study was the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), extended to include the impact of Twitter usage on job performance. A pilot-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the journalists working in the mainstream media houses of Pakistan. Findings – The study’s findings revealed that the majority of the journalists leveraged the platform for tweeting and to read tweets. From the linear regression results, it was found that Twitter usage intention is influenced more by usefulness compared to perceived behaviour control, subjective norms and attitude. Moreover, the journalists’ behavioural intention was found to be a stronger predictor of Twitter usage compared to the other factors. Overall, the results denote that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behaviour controls, and behaviour intention significantly affect the journalists’ Twitter usage that improves their job performance. Originality/value – To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted on Pakistani journalists’ Twitter usage and its impact on job performance by employing established theoretical lens

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Fodder Crops Leaves Being Raised with Hudiara Drain Water (Punjab-Pakistan)

The present study was designed with the objectives to assess heavy metals' concentration in Hudiara drain water and investigation of the concentration of heavy metals in different fodder crops grown with this drain water and the determination of heavy metals in milk of cattles grazing these contaminated fodder crops. A survey was conducted and ten different sites were selected along Hudiara drain after entering Lahore. Five water samples and three samples of crops from a each site. The samples were processed, stored and then analyzed for heavy metals like Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Zinc, Iron, Copper and manganese. Lead pollution was not found, whereas, Cadmium, Chromium and Nickel contamination was shown in Hudiara drain water. Similarly, Zinc pollution was not found in Hudiara drain water regarding irrigation and Iron, Copper and Manganese contamination was present in Water samples. Most of the fodder crops samples were contaminated with all heavy metals having levels of heavy metals above the Recommended Concentrations. It is noted that Pb+2 of Hudiara drain and irrigated Pb+2 of fodder crop were in positive correlation and negative correlation between Pb+2 and Cr+2, Ni+2, Cu+2. There is positive correlation between Cd+2 and Cr+2, Fe+2 and also negative correlation between Cd+2 and Pb+2, Cd+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Cu+2, Mn+2 of fodder crop irrigated with Hudiara drain