Spatiotemporal Tensor Completion for Improved Urban Traffic Imputation

Effective management of urban traffic is important for any smart city initiative. Therefore, the quality of the sensory traffic data is of paramount importance. However, like any sensory data, urban traffic data are prone to imperfections leading to missing measurements. In this paper, we focus on inter-region traffic data completion. We model the inter-region traffic as a spatiotemporal tensor that suffers from missing measurements. To recover the missing data, we propose an enhanced CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) completion approach that considers the urban and temporal aspects of the traffic. To derive the urban characteristics, we divide the area of study into regions. Then, for each region, we compute urban feature vectors inspired from biodiversity which are used to compute the urban similarity matrix. To mine the temporal aspect, we first conduct an entropy analysis to determine the most regular time-series. Then, we conduct a joint Fourier and correlation analysis to compute its periodicity and construct the temporal matrix. Both urban and temporal matrices are fed into a modified CP-completion objective function. To solve this objective, we propose an alternating least square approach that operates on the vectorized version of the inputs. We conduct comprehensive comparative study with two evaluation scenarios. In the first one, we simulate random missing values. In the second scenario, we simulate missing values at a given area and time duration. Our results demonstrate that our approach provides effective recovering performance reaching 26% improvement compared to state-of-art CP approaches and 35% compared to state-of-art generative model-based approaches

Deep-Gap: A deep learning framework for forecasting crowdsourcing supply-demand gap based on imaging time series and residual learning

Mobile crowdsourcing has become easier thanks to the widespread of smartphones capable of seamlessly collecting and pushing the desired data to cloud services. However, the success of mobile crowdsourcing relies on balancing the supply and demand by first accurately forecasting spatially and temporally the supply-demand gap, and then providing efficient incentives to encourage participant movements to maintain the desired balance. In this paper, we propose Deep-Gap, a deep learning approach based on residual learning to predict the gap between mobile crowdsourced service supply and demand at a given time and space. The prediction can drive the incentive model to achieve a geographically balanced service coverage in order to avoid the case where some areas are over-supplied while other areas are under-supplied. This allows anticipating the supply-demand gap and redirecting crowdsourced service providers towards target areas. Deep-Gap relies on historical supply-demand time series data as well as available external data such as weather conditions and day type (e.g., weekday, weekend, holiday). First, we roll and encode the time series of supply-demand as images using the Gramian Angular Summation Field (GASF), Gramian Angular Difference Field (GADF) and the Recurrence Plot (REC). These images are then used to train deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to extract the low and high-level features and forecast the crowdsourced services gap. We conduct comprehensive comparative study by establishing two supply-demand gap forecasting scenarios: with and without external data. Compared to state-of-art approaches, Deep-Gap achieves the lowest forecasting errors in both scenarios.Comment: Accepted at CloudCom 2019 Conferenc

Predicting COVID-19 cases using Bidirectional LSTM on multivariate time series

Background: To assist policy makers in taking adequate decisions to stop the spread of COVID-19 pandemic, accurate forecasting of the disease propagation is of paramount importance. Materials and Methods: This paper presents a deep learning approach to forecast the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network applied to multivariate time series. Unlike other forecasting techniques, our proposed approach first groups the countries having similar demographic and socioeconomic aspects and health sector indicators using K-Means clustering algorithm. The cumulative cases data for each clustered countries enriched with data related to the lockdown measures are fed to the Bidirectional LSTM to train the forecasting model. Results: We validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by studying the disease outbreak in Qatar. Quantitative evaluation, using multiple evaluation metrics, shows that the proposed technique outperforms state-of-art forecasting approaches. Conclusion: Using data of multiple countries in addition to lockdown measures improve accuracy of the forecast of daily cumulative COVID-19 cases

Federated Learning over Energy Harvesting Wireless Networks

In this paper, the deployment of federated learning (FL) is investigated in an energy harvesting wireless network in which the base station (BS) employs massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to serve a set of users powered by independent energy harvesting sources. Since a certain number of users may not be able to participate in FL due to the interference and energy constraints, a joint energy management and user scheduling problem in FL over wireless systems is formulated. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem whose goal is to minimize the FL training loss via optimizing user scheduling. To find how the factors such as transmit power and number of scheduled users affect the training loss, the convergence rate of the FL algorithm is first analyzed. Given this analytical result, the user scheduling and energy management optimization problem can be decomposed, simplified, and solved. Further, the system model is extended by considering multiple BSs. Hence, a joint user association and scheduling problem in FL over wireless systems is studied. The optimal user association problem is solved using the branch-and-bound technique. Simulation results show that the proposed user scheduling and user association algorithm can reduce training loss compared to a standard FL algorithm.Comment: To appear in IEEE Internet of Things Journa

A Deep Learning Approach for Vital Signs Compression and Energy Efficient Delivery in mhealth Systems

© 2013 IEEE. Due to the increasing number of chronic disease patients, continuous health monitoring has become the top priority for health-care providers and has posed a major stimulus for the development of scalable and energy efficient mobile health systems. Collected data in such systems are highly critical and can be affected by wireless network conditions, which in return, motivates the need for a preprocessing stage that optimizes data delivery in an adaptive manner with respect to network dynamics. We present in this paper adaptive single and multiple modality data compression schemes based on deep learning approach, which consider acquired data characteristics and network dynamics for providing energy efficient data delivery. Results indicate that: 1) the proposed adaptive single modality compression scheme outperforms conventional compression methods by 13.24% and 43.75% reductions in distortion and processing time, respectively; 2) the proposed adaptive multiple modality compression further decreases the distortion by 3.71% and 72.37% when compared with the proposed single modality scheme and conventional methods through leveraging inter-modality correlations; and 3) adaptive multiple modality compression demonstrates its efficiency in terms of energy consumption, computational complexity, and responding to different network states. Hence, our approach is suitable for mobile health applications (mHealth), where the smart preprocessing of vital signs can enhance energy consumption, reduce storage, and cut down transmission delays to the mHealth cloud.This work was supported by NPRP through the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of the Qatar Foundation) under Grant 7-684-1-127