Rainwater Harvesting In A Typical Mine In Orissa

This paper discusses about the rainwater harvesting system and its implementation in a typical Mine area of Orissa, India as part of the solution to avoid water crisis in the future. It first reviewed the scenario of water availability, its distribution and shortages in the study region. In India and in the study region, we are blessed with an ample supply of water during Monsoon. However, rainwater is not available during non-monsoon period. Increasing water consumption by the industry, maintenance of dust due to crushing of rocks, plantations, vegetation and household users in the study region, had made existing water supply infrastructure strained. A study has been done to estimate the available runoff from the catchment area of a Mine in Orissa. ILWIS-GIS was used to delineate contours, drainage, land use and develop digital elevation model (DEM), flow accumulation, flow direction and aspect maps. Most suitable sites for water storage were obtained considering Best Management Practice (BMP) approach. Quantitative analysis was carried out using Rational method with runoff coefficient values to estimate the runoff volume available at different locations. The results indicate four sites suitable for water storages with some additional earthwork. Subsequently, for better accuracy and for and a robust approach, quantitative analysis was carried out using SCS-CN method with suitable CN value so obtained from the land use and other parameters to estimate the runoff volume available at different locations. The results indicate four sites suitable for water storages with some additional earthwork. Different scenarios were generated to obtain different runoff volumes and corresponding water spread area in the region. The length, breadth and depth required for each area is calculated using optimization approach to minimize the earthwork and maximize the plane surface

Enhancing Orthodontic Pain Management: A vision for Improved Patient Comfort

Pain is a common concern in orthodontic treatment, resulting from inflammatory responses triggered by force application. This review explores the characteristics, mechanisms, causes, and management strategies for orthodontic pain. Patient-specific factors, including age, gender, and anxiety, contribute to pain perception. Pain typically peaks shortly after orthodontic procedures and diminishes gradually. Orthodontic Pain management encompasses pharmacological interventions (NSAIDs, analgesics), mechanical methods (chewing gum, laser therapy), and behavioral approaches (CBT, physical activity). Modifications in orthodontic procedures, such as using Ni-Ti wires and alternatives to traditional appliances, have been introduced to alleviate pain. These advances have transformed the orthodontic experience, making it more tolerable and enhancing treatment outcomes. Overall, this review provides insights into orthodontic pain and its management, benefiting both patients and practitioners in achieving successful orthodontic treatmen

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from leaves and rhizomes of <i>Curcuma angustifolia</i> Roxb

<p>The essential oil extracted from rhizome and leaf of <i>Curcuma angustifolia</i> Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) was characterised by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 32 and 35 identified constituents, comprising 92.6% and 92% of total leaf and rhizome oil, respectively. Curzerenone (33.2%), 14-hydroxy-<i>δ</i>-cadinene (18.6%) and <i>γ</i>-eudesmol acetate (7.3%) were the main components in leaf oil. In rhizome oil, curzerenone (72.6%), camphor (3.3%) and germacrone (3.3%) were found to be the major constituents<i>.</i> Antioxidant capacities of oil were assessed by various methods, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and reducing power ability (RPA). Based on the results, the leaf oil showed more antioxidant potential as compared to rhizome oil and reference standards (ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)). Thus, the leaf essential oil of <i>C. angustifolia</i> can be used as an alternative source of natural antioxidant.</p

Fluorescence Quenching Studies of γ‑Butyrolactone Binding Protein (CprB) from <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> A3(2)

Quorum sensing is a cell density dependent phenomenon that utilizes small molecule inducers like γ-butyrolactones (GBLs) and their receptor proteins for adaptation to the environment. The cognate GBLs that bind to several of this GBL receptor family of proteins remain elusive. Here, using CprB protein from <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> A3(2) as a model system, we devise a method suited for ligand screening that would be applicable to the entire family of GBL receptors. Docking studies were performed to confirm the identity of the ligand binding pocket, and it was ascertained that the common γ-butyrolactone moiety interacts with the conserved tryptophan residue (W127) residing in the ligand binding pocket. The presence of W127 in the cavity was exploited to monitor its fluorescence quenching on the addition of two chemically synthesized GBLs. Analysis of the data with both the native and W185L mutant versions of the protein confirmed that the compounds used as quenchers reside in the ligand binding pocket. Furthermore, fluorescence lifetime and potassium iodide (KI) quenching studies established that the quenching is static in nature and that the tryptophan residue is buried and inaccessible to surface quenchers. Additionally, a combination of concentration dependent fluorescence quenching and dynamic light scattering experiments revealed that the binding properties of the protein are concentration dependent and it was concluded that the most efficient binding of the ligand is evoked by working at the lowest concentration of protein, providing a sufficient signal, where the aggregation effects are negligible

Indole clubbed 2,4-thiazolidinedione linked 1,2,3-triazole as a potent antimalarial and antibacterial agent against drug-resistant strain and molecular modeling studies

In the face of escalating challenges of microbial resistance strains, this study describes the design and synthesis of 5-({1-[(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives, which have demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties. Compared with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of ciprofloxacin on the respective strains, compounds 5a, 5d, 5g, 5l, and 5m exhibited potent antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 16 to 25 µM. Almost all the synthesized compounds showed lower MIC compared to standards against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Additionally, the majority of the synthesized compounds demonstrated remarkable antifungal activity, against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, as compared to nystatin, griseofulvin, and fluconazole. Furthermore, the majority of compounds exhibited notable inhibitory effects against the Plasmodium falciparum strain, having IC50 values ranging from 1.31 to 2.79 μM as compared to standard quinine (2.71 μM). Cytotoxicity evaluation of compounds 5a–q on SHSY-5Y cells at up to 100 μg/mL showed no adverse effects. Comparison with control groups highlights their noncytotoxic characteristics. Molecular docking confirmed compound binding to target active sites, with stable protein–ligand complexes displaying drug-like molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed dynamic stability and interactions. Rigorous tests and molecular modeling unveil the effectiveness of the compounds against drug-resistant microbes, providing hope for new antimicrobial compounds with potential safety

Indole clubbed 2,4-thiazolidinedione linked 1,2,3-triazole as a potent antimalarial and antibacterial agent against drug-resistant strain and molecular modeling studies

In the face of escalating challenges of microbial resistance strains, this study describes the design and synthesis of 5-({1-[(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives, which have demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties. Compared with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of ciprofloxacin on the respective strains, compounds 5a, 5d, 5g, 5l, and 5m exhibited potent antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 16 to 25 µM. Almost all the synthesized compounds showed lower MIC compared to standards against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Additionally, the majority of the synthesized compounds demonstrated remarkable antifungal activity, against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, as compared to nystatin, griseofulvin, and fluconazole. Furthermore, the majority of compounds exhibited notable inhibitory effects against the Plasmodium falciparum strain, having IC50 values ranging from 1.31 to 2.79 μM as compared to standard quinine (2.71 μM). Cytotoxicity evaluation of compounds 5a–q on SHSY-5Y cells at up to 100 μg/mL showed no adverse effects. Comparison with control groups highlights their noncytotoxic characteristics. Molecular docking confirmed compound binding to target active sites, with stable protein–ligand complexes displaying drug-like molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed dynamic stability and interactions. Rigorous tests and molecular modeling unveil the effectiveness of the compounds against drug-resistant microbes, providing hope for new antimicrobial compounds with potential safety