The importance of disease incidence rate on performance of GBLUP, threshold BayesA and machine learning methods in original and imputed data set

Aim of study: To predict genomic accuracy of binary traits considering different rates of disease incidence.Area of study: SimulationMaterial and methods: Two machine learning algorithms including Boosting and Random Forest (RF) as well as threshold BayesA (TBA) and genomic BLUP (GBLUP) were employed. The predictive ability methods were evaluated for different genomic architectures using imputed (i.e. 2.5K, 12.5K and 25K panels) and their original 50K genotypes. We evaluated the three strategies with different rates of disease incidence (including 16%, 50% and 84% threshold points) and their effects on genomic prediction accuracy.Main results: Genotype imputation performed poorly to estimate the predictive ability of GBLUP, RF, Boosting and TBA methods when using the low-density single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chip in low linkage disequilibrium (LD) scenarios. The highest predictive ability, when the rate of disease incidence into the training set was 16%, belonged to GBLUP, RF, Boosting and TBA methods. Across different genomic architectures, the Boosting method performed better than TBA, GBLUP and RF methods for all scenarios and proportions of the marker sets imputed. Regarding the changes, the RF resulted in a further reduction compared to Boosting, TBA and GBLUP, especially when the applied data set contained 2.5K panels of the imputed genotypes.Research highlights: Generally, considering high sensitivity of methods to imputation errors, the application of imputed genotypes using RF method should be carefully evaluated

The effect of curcumin on biochemical and hematological indices of red blood cells during and after taking ecstasy in male Wistar rats

Background: The using of ecstasy pills or 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has severe damage to various systems of the body, including blood cells. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of curcumin (turmeric extract) on red blood cells and its hematological and biochemical indices with and after taking ecstasy. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were divided into five groups: group1; control without MDMA and Curcumin, group 2; received MDMA, group 3; received MDMA and curcumin, group 4; received MDMA for 15 days, then 15 days later, no drug injection and group 5; received MDMA for 15 days, then injection of curcumin for 15 days later. The blood samples were collected and then, blood smears were prepared to assess morphology of red bleed cells mean values morphology of red blood cells. Results: The mean of red blood cell levels were significantly lower in MDMA recipient groups than in the control group. By using curcumin during and after taking ecstasy the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin were significantly decreased compared with that in the control group. Also, red blood cells were significantly decreased in the curcumin recipient groups compared with the MDMA groups. The total bilirubin levels in 2 and 4 groups which received MDMA alone, as well as in 3 and 5 groups received MDMA with curcumin were significantly higher than those in the control group. Conclusion: The effect of curcumin during and after taking ecstasy is likely due to a high digestive absorption of MDMA by curcumin or non-metabolizing of MDMA when using curcumin

Treatment of municipal solid wastes leachate using electrocoagulation

Background and aims: Considering the grate polluting potential of landfill leachate and in order to prevent environmental pollution, the present study set out with the aim of assessing the efficiency of electrocoagulation process for organics, nitrogen, phosphorous and turbidity removal from landfill leachate.Materials and methods: In the present descriptive-analytical experimental study, the sample of leachate was supplied from Aq-Qala Landfill and compost center in Gorgan. Landfill leachate treatment was consequently performed by an electrochemical reactor. The paper studies the factors affecting the efficiency of reactor, such as electrolysis time (20, 40, and 60 min), pH of solution (3, 7 and 9), and the electric potential difference (20, 40 and 60 V). All studied parameters were determined according to standard methods. Because of the nature of the project, there were not ethical issues in this study.Results: The highest removal of turbidity, COD, nitrate, and phosphorus in raw leachate were 59.14, 44.33, 40.81and 48.86, respectively, achieved at 60 V, neutral pH (6.5-6.9) and operating time of 60 min. The corresponding removal percentages for treatment plant effluent electrocoagulation were 88.9, 80.5, 59.16 and 62.35, respectively.Conclusions: The results show that electrocoagulation process can be applied to leachate pre-treatment in order to remove organic matter, turbidity, nutrients, and organics loading reduction and consequently to enhance the biodegradability of leachate. Thus, the process can be considered as an effective alternative in the pre-treatment of wastewater in order to prevent environmental pollution and protection of water resources.Keywords: Leachate, nitrate, phosphorous, electrocoagulation, chemical oxygen deman

Some results on the cofiniteness of local cohomology modules

summary:Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring, $\mathfrak {a}$ an ideal of $R$, $M$ an $R$-module and $t$ a non-negative integer. In this paper we show that the class of minimax modules includes the class of $\mathcal {AF}$ modules. The main result is that if the $R$-module ${\rm Ext}^t_R(R/\mathfrak {a},M)$ is finite (finitely generated), $H^i_\mathfrak {a}(M)$ is $\mathfrak {a}$-cofinite for all $i<t$ and $H^t_\mathfrak {a}(M)$ is minimax then $H^t_\mathfrak {a}(M)$ is $\mathfrak {a}$-cofinite. As a consequence we show that if $M$ and $N$ are finite $R$-modules and $H^i_\mathfrak {a}(N)$ is minimax for all $i<t$ then the set of associated prime ideals of the generalized local cohomology module $H^t_\mathfrak {a}(M,N)$ is finite

The effects of exogenous melatonin on morphological changes in locus ceruleus nucleus Characterized by REM sleep deprivation

Background: Neurodegeneration in the locus coeruleus (LC) has been documented in several central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative diseases and sleep deprivation. In this study, we investigated the possible role of melatonin in reversing cognitive dysfunction induced by SD in rats.Methods: The aim of this work was to determine if REM sleep deprivation would induce morphological changes in the brains of rats. The effects of REM sleep deprivation on the nuclear volume of neurons from the locus coeruleus, the main noradrenergic nucleus in the brain.Results: The results obtained showed that REM sleep deprivation significantly decreased the number of neurons in the locus coeruleus.Conclusion: A change in cell nuclear volume suggests a change in its metabolic activity, therefore, our data provide an anatomical basis for further studies of neuron’s morphology in brain structures after REM sleep deprivation

Perception of Religious “Other” and the Quality of Its Narration in the Cultural Context of Iran

Human cultural vision in religious rituals and ceremonies of different religions, denominations and sects is of such a difference that this difference sometimes puts them in complete contradiction with each other. Apparently, every religion speaks of the eternal principles that must be followed by that religion’s followers and seeks to raise reasons of the veracity of its own claims as well as the refutation of the claims of other religions in order to prove its own supremacy in the face of the inferiority of the other religions. Today, man needs to have an interpretation and perspective of these diversities and to offer a judgement of their veracity, rightness or deviance may it make the best choice in rational terms. Referring to the ideas of thinkers is one of the methods that can help the humans to identify or mitigate these challenges. Thus, this study aims at assaying the perception of religious other from the point of view of the human scientists. The approach of this research is based on the qualitative method focusing on thematic analysis, data collection through semi-structured interviews as well as the analysis of the findings based on the stages of the thematic analysis. The research field is constituted by the professors of the universities of Tehran city. Sampling process continued in a purposeful manner among the professors of philosophy and sociology up to 8 cases until the theoretical saturation. The results of the research show that religious other within Iranian cultural context includes eight sub themes: Sunni, Zoroastrians, Christians, Jews, Mandaeans, Yarsans, Derwishes and Baha’is

بررسی کارایی انعقاد الکتریکی در تصفیه شیرابه پسماندهای شهری

Background and aims:&nbsp;Considering the grate polluting potential of landfill leachate and in order to prevent environmental pollution, the present study set out with the aim of assessing the efficiency of electrocoagulation process for organics, nitrogen, phosphorous and turbidity removal from landfill leachate. Materials and methods:&nbsp;In the present descriptive-analytical experimental study, the sample of leachate was supplied from Aq-Qala Landfill and compost center in Gorgan. Landfill leachate treatment was consequently performed by an electrochemical reactor. The paper studies the factors affecting the efficiency of reactor, such as electrolysis time (20, 40, and 60 min), pH of solution (3, 7 and 9), and the electric potential difference (20, 40 and 60 V). All studied parameters were determined according to standard methods. Because of the nature of the project, there were not ethical issues in this study. Results:&nbsp;The highest removal of turbidity, COD, nitrate, and phosphorus in raw leachate were 59.14, 44.33, 40.81and 48.86, respectively, achieved at 60 V, neutral pH (6.5-6.9) and operating time of 60 min. The corresponding removal percentages for treatment plant effluent electrocoagulation were 88.9, 80.5, 59.16 and 62.35, respectively. Conclusions:&nbsp;The results show that electrocoagulation process can be applied to leachate pre-treatment in order to remove organic matter, turbidity, nutrients, and organics loading reduction and consequently to enhance the biodegradability of leachate. Thus, the process can be considered as an effective alternative in the pre-treatment of wastewater in order to prevent environmental pollution and protection of water resources.زمینه و هدف: با توجه به آلودگی بالای شیرابه محل دفن و جهت جلوگیری از آلودگی محیط زیست، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تعیین تاثیر فرایند انعقاد الکتریکی در حذف مواد آلی، نیتروژن، فسفر و کدورت، طراحی و اجرا شد. مواد و روش ها: مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی با رویکرد تجربی و آزمایشگاهی بود. از شیرابه تولیدی در مرکز دفن و کمپوست شهر گرگان نمونه گرفته شد و وارد راکتور الکتروکواگولاسیون شد. در شراط مختلف عملکردي، زمان ماند20، 40 و 60 دقیقه، pH برابر 3 ، 6 و 9 و اختلاف پتانسیل الکتریکي20، 40 و 60 ولت، از شیرابه داخل راکتور نمونه برداری شد و طبق روش استاندارد پارامترهای مورد مطالعه اندازه گیری شد. این طرح پژوهشی با توجه به ماهیت آن منافاتی با مسائل اخلاقی نداشت. یافته ها: بیشترین میزان حذف در میزان ولتاژ 60 ولت، زمان 60 دقیقه و pH برابر حدود خنثی (6.9-6.5) بود. میزان حذف کدورت، ،COD نیترات و فسفر در شیرابه خام به ترتیب برابر 59/14، 44/33، 40/81و 48/86درصد بود. این مقادیر برای پساب خروجی تصفیه خانه که تحت راکتور انعقاد الکتریکی قرار گرفته بود به ترتیب برابر 88/9، 80/5، 59/16و 62/35درصد بود. نتیجه گیری: فرایند انعقاد الکتریکی به عنوان فرایند پیش تصفیه، باعث حذف مواد آلی، کدورت، مواد مغذی، کاهش بار آلی و افزایش تجزیه پذیری شیرابه می گردد و میتواند به عنوان گزینهای موثر جهت پیش تصفیه موثر فاضلاب، جلوگیری از آلودگی محیط زیست، منابع آب و حفاظت از آنها مدنظر قرار گیرد &nbsp

HBS Ag seroclearance and seroconversion time in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection

Background: Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance and seroconversion (development of antibodies against HBsAg) can increases the survival of Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage and timing of HBsAg seroclearance and seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Methods: 1026 patients with CHB infection who referred to a private clinic were included. These patients had been followed-up for an average of 15 years. The patients whose HBs Ag was cleared from the blood and remained negative until the end of follow-up were designated as HBs Ag serocleared and the patients whose HBs Ab was positive during follow-upwas designated as HBs Ag seroconverted. The time of seroclearance and seroconversion of patients was recorded. Liver function tests, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and Hepatitis B early antigen (HBe Ag) status were extracted from the patients&#8217; medical records. Data were analysis with SPSS 17. Results: The duration of follow-up was from 2 to 410 months and most patients were males (58.2). The survival rate of HBs Ag positivity after 5, 10 and 15 years were 95.6, 89.4 and 80.7, and 98, 93.5 and 84.9 of patients had not yet developed anti-HBs antibodies after 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Age, gender and taking medication had no effect on HBs Ag clearance from the blood or anti-HBs production Conclusion: The HBs Ag seroconversion is a rare occurrence, but the incidence of this may increase with time, age and drug consumption. Though there was no relationship in our patients &#160

Er:YAG Laser and Cyclosporin A Effect on Cell Cycle Regulation of Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells

Introduction: Periodontitis is a set of inflammatory disorders characterized by periodontal attachment loss and alveolar bone resorption. Because of deficiency in periodontitis mechanical therapy, this study was aimed to explore the molecular influence of the erbium-doped: yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser and cyclosporin A (CsA) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) for improvement in periodontal diseases therapy.Methods: We focused on articles that studied the proteome profiles of HGFs after treatment with laser irradiation and application of CsA. The topological features of differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using Cytoscape Version 3.4.0 followed by module selection from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using Cluster ONE plugin. In addition, we performed gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for the densely connected region and key proteins in both PPI networks.Results: Analysis of PPI network of Er:YAG laser irradiation on HGFs lead to introducing YWHAZ, VCP, HNRNPU, YWHAE, UBA52, CLTC, FUS and IGHG1 as key proteins while similar analysis revealed that ACAT1, CTSD, ALDOA, ANXA2, PRDX1, LGALS3, ARHGDI and EEF1A1 are the crucial proteins related to the effect of drug. GO enrichment analysis of hub-bottleneck proteins of the 2 networks showed the different significant biological processes and cellular components. The functional enrichments of module of Er:YAG laser network are included as fatty acid transmembrane transport, cytokinesis, regulation of RNA splicing and asymmetric protein localization. There are not any significant clusters in network of HGF treated by CsA.Conclusion: The results indicate that there are 2 separate biomarker panels for the 2 treatment methods