Pengkomposan Sisa Taman Menggunakan Kaedah Timbunan Statik Berudara Dan Deram Berputar [TD810.5. H116 2008 f rb].

Kajian ini melibatkan proses pengkomposan sisa taman dari Tapak Pelupusan Pulau Burung. Dalam kajian ini, dua kaedah pengkomposan telah dikaji iaitu kaedah timbunan statik berudara (TSU) dan kaedah deram berputar (DB). The present work studied the composting of yard waste from Pulau Burung Sanitary Landfill. In this study, the two methods of composting that were analyzed are aerated static pile (ASP) and rotary drum (RD)

Pengkomposan Sisa Taman Menggunakan Kaedah Timbunan Statik Berudara Dan Deram Berputar

The present work studied the composting of yard waste from Pulau Burung Sanitary In this Landfill. study, the two methods of composting that were analyzed are aerated static pile (ASP) and rotary drum (RD). In the ASP method, aeration was carried out both mechanically by an air blower and by manual turning. While in the RD method, air was supplied by manual turning (rotation). Yard waste (YW) and cow manure (CM) were used as substrates. The study was divided into three stages i.e Stage I to III. Stage I involved the study to determine the physical and chemical characterization of yard waste such as weight, composition, size distribution, bulk density, moisture content, pH, C:N ratio, nutrient and heavy metal content

Kajian Perbandingan Kualiti Kompos Daripada Sisa Taman Menggunakan Pelbagai Kaedah Pengkomposan.

Pengurusan sisa taman seringkali tidak diberi perhatian dan keutamaan oleh pelbagai pihak jika dibandingkan dengan sisa-sisa pepejal yang lain. Data-data dan kajian mengenai komposisi, ciri-ciri fizikal dan kimia mengenai sisa taman juga adalah berkurangan. Yard waste management has never been given much attention and priority when compared to other kind of solid wastes. Data and research on yard waste composition, physical and chemical characteristic are also hard to found

Pretreatment study of food waste using sonication for enhancement of methane production

The application of low-frequency ultrasonic pretreatment to the organic fraction municipal solid waste (OFMSW), particularly food waste (FW), is able to overcome slow hydrolysis rate by disintegrating the substrate into a biodegradable substrate. In addition, the process promotes solubilization of organic matter resulting in high amount of substrate readily available within the digestion process and thus enhancing high methane production. The main objective of this study was to obtain high methane production through anaerobic digestion of sonicated food waste. To accomplish this aim, the following objectives were pursued namely correlation between ultrasonication with the physicochemical property changes and anaerobic biodegradability, evaluation of the digester performance and system stability of the anaerobic digestion of the sonicated food waste at different organic loading rate (OLR) and the determination of the kinetic parameters for the performance of the anaerobic digestion of sonicated food waste. The anaerobic digestion experiment on sonicated food waste was conducted in two phases, where in Phase 1, the ultrasonic pretreatment was performed by sonicating 200 mL of food waste slurry at different sonication duration of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes at 20 kHz frequency and specific energy input ranged from 5,396 to 25,997 kJ/kg TS, and then anaerobic batch tests were carried out on the sonicated food waste samples. While in Phase 2, the anaerobic digestion was conducted on the sonicated food waste (SFW) and non-sonicated food waste (NSFW) or control in a 13 L laboratory scale anaerobic digester (working volume of 10 L) with increasing organic loading rate (OLR) ranging from 1.5-3.5 gCOD/L.day. The experimental works were carried out in two stages (batch start-up and then continued with semi-continuous feeding). The performance of all digesters was evaluated based on the methane composition, methane production rate as well as methane yield. In the ultrasonic pretreatment (Phase 1), when the specific energy inputs increased from 0 to 25,997 kJ/kg TS, analysis of chemical properties found that the percentage of soluble COD (SCOD) values have increased to 34-40 %. The range of CODsolubilization and degree of disintegration (DD) values were between 11.4-13.4% and 57.15-71.08%, respectively. A linear relationship with an R² of 0.907 was obtained for the correlation between CODsolubilisation and DD. The application of sonicated food waste in the anaerobic digestion process has increased the cumulative CH4 production about 40.3-70.5%. The volume of methane produced was increased from 4.2 liters (non-sonicated food waste) to 7.9 - 14.5 liters in the sonicated food waste. While for Phase 2, the methane composition generated during the process was higher in SFW digester at OLR of 1.5 g COD/L.day and 3.5 g COD/L.day compared to NSFW digester. There was an increase of 9.54-41.28% in methane composition when SFW digester was operated at OLR of 3.5 g COD/L.day. Methane production rate was enhanced by 20.8 -75.7% or 1.26-4.12 times in SFW digester when operated at an OLR of 3.5 g COD/L.day. Methane yields did not show significant changes at the OLR of 1.5 and 2.5 g COD/L.day in both digesters, but started to show a significant increase when SFW digester was operated at OLR of 3.5 g COD/L.day. The methane yield was enhanced by 42.87-82.83% or 1.75-5.82 times at the stated OLR. The process performance as well as acceptable stability in SFW digester provided satisfactory predictions with Monod, Modified Stover-Kincannon, Grau second-order multicomponent substrate removal and Contois kinetic models. The experimental data were well fitted with the models with high correlation coefficients (R²) ranging from 0.914-0.996. The kinetic coefficients such as yield coefficient (Y), maximum specific growth rate (μmax), death rate (kd), half velocity coefficient (Ks), saturation value constant (KB), maximum utilization rate (Umax), multicomponent Grau second- order substrate removal coefficient (ks), dimensionless Grau second order constant (a and b), µmax and B (for Contois model) recorded 1.580 gVSS/gCOD, 1.219 day⁻¹, 0.06 day⁻¹, 617.59 g/L, 1.928 gCOD/L.day, 1.667 gCOD/L.day, 0.103 day⁻¹, 48.121, 1.156, 10.76 day⁻¹ and 361.31 gCOD/gVSS, respectively. Furthermore, a significant relationship was observed between the predicted and experimental data with correlation coefficients (R²) ranging from 0.893-0.996. In this study, the Monod model with R² = 0.996 indicates the most appropriate model for interpreting the kinetic parameters of the anaerobic system in the CSTR treating sonicated food waste (SFW) slurry. Overall, the implementation of ultrasonic pretreatment prior to anaerobic digestion of food waste can increase the production of methane by recording overall enhancement in methane production rate of 18.99%. The overall enhancement of methane yield was 23.86% with the highest methane composition of 79.6%. Therefore, the kinetic model used in this study can be applied to predict the performance of the anaerobic digestion system treating sonicated food waste slurry

Biosolids Management

© 2014 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. Managing biosolids and wastewater is not an easy task. Requirements for higher degrees of wastewater treatment can increase the total volume of biosolids generated. The biosolids management options would be much complicated when the combination of more biosolids quantities, mixtures of biosolids, and increasing regulatory requirements have to be considered. In most of the treatment facilities, a large portion of total operating and maintenance costs is allocated for biosolids processing and disposal. This chapter will discuss in depth about biosolids management starting from the generation of the biosolids until they are ready to be reused or disposed of. The technological topics covered are biosolids production, classification of biosolids (primary, chemical, biological, other wastewater biosolids, etc.), biosolids treatment and processing (thickening, stabilization, conditioning, and dewatering), land application, and finally the use and disposal of biosolids

Kinetic evaluation of sonicated food waste in continuously stirred tank reactor

This work aimed to evaluate the process performance and stability of the anaerobic digestion of sonicated food waste (SFW) by determining the kinetic parameters using Monod, Contois, Modified Stover-Kincannon, and Grau second-order multicomponent substrate removal kinetic models. The anaerobic digestion was conducted on the sonicated food waste (SFW) in a 13 L continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with a stepwise organic loading rate (OLR) ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 gCOD/L.day. The experimental works were carried out in two stages (start-up then followed by semi-continuous). The ultrasonic pretreatment was performed by sonicating the food waste slurry for 10 minutes at a 20 kHz frequency and specific energy input of 25,997 kJ/kg TS. The process performance, as well as acceptable stability in the SFW digester, provided satisfactory predictions with Monod, Modified Stover-Kincannon, Grau second-order multicomponent substrate removal, and Contois kinetic models. A significant relationship was seen between the predicted and experimental data with correlation coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.893 to 0.996. In this study, the Monod model with R2 = 0.996 indicates the most suitable model for understanding the kinetic parameters of the anaerobic system in the CSTR which digests the sonicated food waste (SFW) slurry

Composting Processes for Disposal of Municipal and Agricultural Solid Wastes

Various composting processes have gained a lot of attention in recent years because of pollution concerns and the need of environmentally sound technologies for handling and disposal of municipal and agricultural solid wastes. Composting is extremely significant in terms of its economic viability, ease of operation, ability to recycle nutrients, and waste minimization. This chapter introduces (1) the composting process types: open on-site composting, aerated-turned composting, aerated static pile composting, enclosed mechanical composting, vermicomposting, thermophilic composting, and two-stage in-bin composting; (2) process control parameters: microorganisms, temperature, pH, moisture content, aeration, C:N ratio, and particle size; (3) operational steps: pretreatment preparation, composting-digestion, curing, finishing, and storage; (4) process control; (5) pathogen survival; (6) cost considerations; (7) compost stability and maturity; (8) marketing of compost; (9) compost utilization; and (10) process design considerations and design criteria. Finally, several successful composting schemes, practices, and legal requirements currently in use around the world are also highlighted. A complete two-stage in-bin composting process system is designed and illustrated for handling and disposal of dead animals, poultry, and fish generated from agricultural facilities