Large area silicon sheet by EFG

Progress in a program to produce high speed, thin, wide silicon sheets for fabricating 10% efficient solar cells is reported. An EFG ribbon growth system was used to perform growth rate and ribbon thickness experiments. A new, wide ribbon growth system was developed. A theoretical study of stresses in ribbons was also conducted. The EFG ribbons were observed to exhibit a characteristic defect structure which is orientation dependent in the early stages of growth

Efeito da adição de óleo na dieta de frangos sobre características físicas da ração.

No presente trabalho foi avaliado o efeito de níveis crescentes de adição de óleo de soja em dietas de frangos de corte sobre as características físicas da ração. Os trata mentos foram compostos por cinco níveis de inclusão de óleo:T1 ?1,74%; T2 ?2,87%; T3?4,01%; T4?5,15%; T5?6,28%.Estas dietas foram submetidas à peletização em equipamento CPM. Antes e após a produção foram coletadas cinco amostras por tratamento e analisadas em relação à características físicas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo este t-Student, ao nível de 5%. Foram testados contrastes polinomiais e geradas as equações de regressão. Considerando os níveis de óleo como bloco, foram realizadas as comparações entre as rações fareladas e peletizadas. A peletização reduziu 23% na densidade da ração em relação à farelada. A peletização da dieta aumentou a umidade da ração, reduziu a densidade e diminui o ângulo de repouso. A adição de óleo reduziu o comprimento do pelete, reduziu a densidade da ração farelada, peletizada e da unidade do pelete e aumentou o ângulo de repouso tanto das dietas fareladas quanto peletizadas. This study evaluated the effect of increasing soybean oil levels on feed physical characteristics in broiler diets. The treatments consisted of five oil levels; T1 ?1.74 %, T2 ?2.87 %; T3 ?4.01%, T4 ?5.15%; T5 ?6.28 %. These diets were pelletized with CPM equipment. Before and after pelleting five samples per treatment were collected. Samples were cooled and analyzed for hardness and durability of the pellet and the percentage of fines. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and five replicates. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by t-Student Test at 5% level. Polynomial contrasts were also tested and generated regression equations. Assuming oil levels as block, it were performed comparisons between mash and pelleted diets. The pelleting reduced 23% in the feed density comparing to mash. Pelleting diets resulted in an increased of feed moisture, density reduction and decrease of angle of repose. The oil inclusion reduced the pellet length , reduced both mash and pelleted feed density, reduced pellet unitdensity and increased the angle of repose of mash and pellet feed

Live performance, carcass, and bone quality responses of grower and finisher broilers to dietary metabolizable energy levels.

ABSTRACT: Broiler energy nutrition has attracted attention due to its economic importance, particularly during the rearing period of 22-42 days of age. There are many evidences that broilers changed their feed intake capacity due to genetic selection, especially when good quality pellets are fed, which suggests that modern broiler strains may achieve good performance when fed low metabolizable energy levels. The objective was to evaluate the energy efficiency, performance parameters, bone parameters, and carcass yield of 22- to 42-d-old broilers fed diets with energy levels below or above their requirements, while maintaining the density of all other nutrients. In total, 900 male broilers were distributed in a randomized block design, with five treatments consisting of five ME levels (2850, 2950, 3050, 3150 and 3250 kcal/kg). As expected, increasing dietary metabolizable energy reduced feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and energy efficiency. Interestingly, body weight, carcass and cut yields, and bone quality were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary ME levels. In conclusion, 22- to 42-d-old broilers fed pelleted and crumbled diets containing 2,850 to 3,250 kcal ME/kg (14% difference) achieved the same body weight and carcass yield at slaughter. The results show that energy efficiency may provide a more accurate interpretation of broiler performance than feed conversion ratio, and that broilers are able to change their feed intake, indicating an opportunity to improve their nutritional management

Energcalc: manual do usuário.

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