特性反すうとネガティブな解釈バイアスの関連

Given that previous studies have suggested that negative interpretation bias to ambiguous stimuli sustains rumination, the present study investigates whether trait rumination is associated with negative interpretation bias. One hundred participants silently read about and envisioned six scenarios likely to induce ruminative thoughts and negative interpretations. Two indexes were employed; participants both wrote free interpretations of the scenarios and provided estimates of the probabilities of generating pre-defined interpretations. The result indicated that brooding, which is a maladaptive factor of rumination, was positively correlated with negative interpretation bias, even after controlling for depression. However, no correlations were observed between reflection, which is an adaptive factor of rumination, and interpretation bias. These results suggest that brooding can be characterized by a tendency to negatively interpret ambiguous scenarios that induce reflections of past events

Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) exploit food sources across anaerobic decomposition- and primary photosynthetic production-based food chains

Dietary information from aquatic organisms is instrumental in predicting biological interactions and understanding ecosystem functionality. In freshwater habitats, generalist fish species can access a diverse array of food sources from multiple food chains. These may include primary photosynthetic production and detritus derived from both oxic and anoxic decomposition. However, the exploitation of anoxic decomposition products by fish remains insufficiently explored. This study examines feeding habits of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) at both adult and juvenile stages within a tropical reservoir, using stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and δ³⁴S, respectively) and fatty acid (FA) analyses. The adult catfish exhibited higher δ¹⁵N values compared to primary consumers that feed on primary photosynthetic producers, which suggests ingestion of food sources originating from primary photosynthetic production-based food chains. On the other hand, juvenile catfish demonstrated lower δ¹⁵N values than primary consumers, correlating with low δ³⁴S value and large proportions of bacterial FA but contained small proportions of polyunsaturated FA. This implies that juveniles utilize food sources from both anoxic decomposition and primary photosynthetic production-based food chains. Our results indicate that food chains based on anoxic decomposition can indeed contribute to the dietary sources of tropical fish species

Supportive Evidence for the State Self-Compassion Scale Using Japanese Samples

Self-compassion is a trait of having a compassionate attitude toward oneself when experiencing a difficult situation. Recent studies focused on its temporal fluctuation; moreover, Neff et al. (2021) developed a scale to assess the state level of self-compassion. Although its psychometric reliability and validity were confirmed, it was unclear whether it could be adopted in diverse samples. Therefore, we aimed to provide additional evidence using Japanese samples that are recognized as having a high propensity for self-criticism. Study 1 (pre-registered) and Study 2 compared several factor models of the scale and demonstrated that the bifactor model using exploratory structural equation modeling was the best solution. Moreover, the state scale performed better in predicting affect than the trait self-compassion, supporting the incremental validity. Most of the correlations with the trait self-compassion and the positive/negative affect were nearly as expected. In Study 3, an experimental induction of self-compassion indicated that those in the self-compassion condition experienced an improved state self-compassion after the writing tasks, whereas those in the control condition did not. Study 4 replicated these results and revealed that state self-compassion was more easily improved by the writing manipulation than trait self-compassion. Most of the previous research’s results were replicated; furthermore, additional supportive evidence was established across the four studies. We suggest the utility of the state self-compassion scale and discuss some different findings obtained from the Western samples from a cultural perspective

The roles of trait and process resilience in relation of BIS/BAS and depressive symptoms among adolescents

Background Extensive literature revealed the relations of depression with behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) as vulnerability and with resilience separately. Besides, the concept of resilience is still broad and ambiguous. Thus, this study aimed to reveal the mediation of two aspects of resilience: trait and process, in the relations of BIS and BAS to depression among adolescents. Methods The data set used in this study was a cross-sectional survey among 965 adolescents. The obtained data from the self-reported questionnaires used in this study were as below: Depression Serf-Rating Scale for Children (DSRS-C), Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation System Scale (BIS/BASS), and Bidimensional Resilience Scale (BRS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to verify the hypothesized relations among BIS/BAS, trait and behavior resilience, and depressive symptoms. Results The obtained indices of fit from SEM were good or sufficient (χ2 = 562.911, df = 96, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.925; NFI = 0.913; RMSEA = 0.073, 90% CI [0.067, 0.079]; SRMR = 0.066). And the modeling showed that both BIS/BAS directly and indirectly influenced to depression. The indirect effects of BIS/BAS were mediated only trait resilience except the indirect effect of BIS via behavioral resilience. Discussion Our results suggested that trait resilience played a significant mediation role in the relationships between BIS/BAS and depression. Trait but not process resilience could be considered suitable as an intervention target in line with decreasing depression

Interest consistency can buffer the effect of COVID-19 fear on psychological distress

In the context of a recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the present study investigated the buffering effect of grit on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress. The data were collected from 224 Japanese participants (98 females; mean age = 46.56, SD = 13.41) in July 2020. The measures used in this study included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Short Grit Scale, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS). The results of mediation analyses revealed significant indirect effects of consistency of interest, a major component of grit, on psychological distress; we also found non-significant indirect effects of perseverance of effort, another major component of grit, on psychological distress. These results suggest that consistency of interest buffers the psychological distress induced by fear of COVID-19. Based on these results, it can be concluded that individuals with higher consistency of interest are less likely to experience worsening of their mental health, even if they experience fear of COVID-19 during the pandemic