Biochemical and bioactive phytonutrients changes in tissues of two cultivars of fresh-cut cassava in stick form under refrigerated storage

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh-cut in stick form of two cassava cultivars on their biochemical and antioxidant characteristics, at two harvest times. The fresh cut cassava sticks were packaged in polypropylene, maintained at 5±1ºC, with 90±5% relative humidity for 12 days. The concentration of carotenoids, total soluble phenolic compounds and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher for the sticks of cultivar 'Amarela' cassava than for the sticks of cultivar 'Cacau'. The concentrations of carotenoids, total soluble phenolic compounds, and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and antioxidant capacity were all significantly greater when harvested at 14-month of age. There was a significant increase in the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase during the 12 days of storage at 5ºC. However, there was a decrease in total carotenoids, soluble phenolic compounds, and in the antioxidant capacity of the two cultivars

Anatomia de estípulas e coléteres de Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq. (Rubiaceae) Stipule and colleter anatomy of Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq. (Rubiaceae)

Psychotria carthagenensis (Rubiaceae) pode ser identificada pela presença de estípulas apicais lanceoladas. Muitos gêneros da família têm estípulas com estruturas secretoras, denominadas coléteres. Sobre a estrutura de estípulas e coléteres pouco é conhecido. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar anatomicamente estípulas e coléteres de indivíduos de P. carthagenensis ocorrentes no Estado de Santa Catarina (Brasil). Amostras de estípulas apicais dos ramos foram coletadas, fixadas e processadas para estudos em microscopias óptica e eletrônica de varredura. Testes histoquímicos foram aplicados em material in vivo. As estípulas são fundidas pela base e separadas na porção apical. Na face adaxial ocorrem tricomas multicelulares, entre os quais estão os coléteres. Estes têm base constricta, poros na superfície cuticular e epiderme em paliçada envolvendo um parênquima axial, o qual pode conter ráfides. Os coléteres secretam substâncias mucilaginosas. Esta secreção é muito importante para proteger o meristema apical caulinar e as folhas jovens.<br>Psychotria carthagenensis (Rubiaceae) is identified by the presence of lanceolate apical stipules. Several Rubiaceae genera have stipules with secretory structures called colleters. Little is known about the structures of stipules and colleters. This work aimed to characterize anatomically the stipules and the colleters of Psychotria carthagenensis from Santa Catarina state (Brazil). Apical shoot stipule samples were collected, fixed, and processed for light and scanning electron microscopy studies. Histochemical tests were made on in vivo material. The bases of stipules are connected and the apices are separate. On the adaxial surface, there are multicellular trichomes and the colleters are found among these. They have a constricted base, pores on the cuticle surface, parenchymatic middle axis surrounded by a layer of palisade-like epidermal cells, in which may have raphides. The colleters secrete a mucilaginous substance that is very important to protect the apical shoot and young leaves