Assessing the Role of Regular Training in Enhancing the Performance of School Committees: A Case of Kishapu District in Tanzania

The study was aimed at assessing the contribution of school committee members and its impact on the academic performance of rural public primary schools in Tanzania. The objectives guided the study were to identify the causes of poor performance in rural primary schools in Kishapu, to assess the level of school committees to monitor effectiveness of school operations, and to find out the consequences of regular trainings of school committee members towards school performance. A researcher used mixed approach and the case study design. The sampling techniques used were simple random and purposive sampling. Questionnaire, interview and direct observation was used to collect data from sixteen (16) non-staff committee members, eight (8) staff committee members, four (4) head teachers, two (2) Ward Education Officers, and one (1) District Statistics and Logistics Officer (DSLO). The research findings indicated that the school committees in rural areas were inactive in performing their responsibilities. Ultimately the findings suggested the existence of regular trainings to school committee members and ensuring appointment of school committee members with at least form four educations so as to ensure school committees in rural areas are effectively performing their responsibilities toward enhancing school academic performance. Keywords: Regular Training, Academic Performance and School Committe

Upregulation of μ3A Drives Homeostatic Plasticity by Rerouting AMPAR into the Recycling Endosomal Pathway

Synaptic scaling is a form of homeostatic plasticity driven by transcription-dependent changes in AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) trafficking. To uncover the pathways involved, we performed a cell-type-specific screen for transcripts persistently altered during scaling, which identified the μ subunit (μ3A) of the adaptor protein complex AP-3A. Synaptic scaling increased μ3A (but not other AP-3 subunits) in pyramidal neurons and redistributed dendritic μ3A and AMPAR to recycling endosomes (REs). Knockdown of μ3A prevented synaptic scaling and this redistribution, while overexpression (OE) of full-length μ3A or a truncated μ3A that cannot interact with the AP-3A complex was sufficient to drive AMPAR to REs. Finally, OE of μ3A acted synergistically with GRIP1 to recruit AMPAR to the dendritic membrane. These data suggest that excess μ3A acts independently of the AP-3A complex to reroute AMPAR to RE, generating a reservoir of receptors essential for the regulated recruitment to the synaptic membrane during scaling up