AN ANALYSIS OF INDIRECT COMMANDS IN A FILM ENTITLED “THE GHOST WRITER” (PRAGMATICS APPROACH)

ABSTRACT Pandu Wijaya Saputra. C0308057. 2013. An Analysis of Indirect Commands in a Film Entitled “The Ghost Writer” (Pragmatics Approach). Undergraduate thesis. English Department: Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University. This research was conducted to describe the types of strategies employed by the characters in the film “The Ghost Writer” for issuing indirect commands, the factors influencing the use of strategies and the responses given by the hearers. The research used pragmatic approach with the indirect commands as the scope of the analysis. This research was a descriptive qualitative research with purposive sampling technique. The dialogues containing indirect command were taken as the data. There were 20 data representing the criteria. The data were analyzed with Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness. Holmes’ theory of social dimension, Hymes’ ethnography and Fishman’s domain were also used in the analysis. From the analysis, the researcher finds the following results: First, there are three politeness strategies employed by the characters in film “The Ghost Writer” for issuing indirect commands. They are negative politeness, positive politeness and off record. Second, some factors influence the use of the strategies. Those factors are the social status between the speaker and the hearer, the domain of the conversation, degree of imposition and the situation when the conversation happens. Third, there are two kinds of responses given by the hearers to the indirect commands, compliance and refusal. However, most of the indirect commands are responded by compliance. It is expected that this research can be a reference for other researchers. They may focus on the form of indirect commands. Analyzing another indirect act by using the same approach is also possible

Supply Chain Strategy for Measuring Risk through Capital Allocation: An Application of Incremental and Activity Based Methods

the insurance company needs a good strategy for ensuring its existence and ability to survive in the insurance world competition with reducing the chance of loss risk. Thus, this paper is written to investigate the capital allocation for measuring risk via a mathematical approach namely Value-at-Risk (VaR) so that insurance companies can find out the magnitude of the worst risks that may occur. The amount of capital allocation analysed using Incremental and Activity-Based Methods. Also, this study uses the simulation data of random numbers obtained from the calculation of premium and claims for insurance programs. The results of the analysis showed that a positive value for the diversification process. It indicates that the insurance company has met its obligations. The total risk of all portfolio returns is IDR19,013,620,433.00. Using the capital allocation analysis, this study found that the Portfolio 1 as much as IDR4,938,935,765.00, Portfolio 2 is IDR4,787,472,037.00, and Portfolio 3 as big as IDR5,544,572,898.00