Optimizing artificial neural networks using LevyChaotic mapping on Wolf Pack optimization algorithm for detect driving sleepiness

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are utilized to solve a variety of problems in many domains. In this type of network, training and selecting parameters that define networks architecture play an important role in enhancing the accuracy of the network's output; Therefore, Prior to training, those parameters must be optimized. Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) has been considered one of the efficient developed approaches in the Swarm Intelligence area that is used to solve real-world optimization problems. However, GWO still faces a problem of the slump in local optimums in some places due to insufficient diversity. This paper proposes a novel algorithm Levy Flight- Chaotic Chen mapping on Wolf Pack Algorithm in Neural Network. It efficiently exploits the search regions to detect driving sleepiness and balance the exploration and exploitation operators, which are considered implied features of any stochastic search algorithm. Due to the lack of dataset availability, a dataset of 15 participants has been collected from scratch to evaluate the proposed algorithm's performance. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of 99.3%

New Upper Limits on the Tau Neutrino Mass from Primordial Helium Considerations

In this paper we reconsider recently derived bounds on $MeV$ tau neutrinos, taking into account previously unaccounted for effects. We find that, assuming that the neutrino life-time is longer than $O(100~sec)$, the constraint $N_{eff}<3.6$ rules out $\nu_{\tau}$ masses in the range $0.5~(MeV)<m_{\nu_\tau}<35~(MeV)$ for Majorana neutrinos and $0.74~(MeV)<m_{\nu_\tau}<35~(MeV)$ for Dirac neutrinos. Given that the present laboratory bound is 35 MeV, our results lower the present bound to $0.5$ and $0.74$ for Majorana and Dirac neutrinos respectively.Comment: 9 pages (2 figures available upon request), UM-AC-93-0

A Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Graph 3-Coloring

The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is the name of an optimization algorithm that was inspired by the intelligent behavior of a honey bee swarm. It is widely recognized as a quick, reliable, and efficient methods for solving optimization problems. This paper proposes a hybrid ABC (HABC) algorithm for graph 3-coloring, which is a well-known discrete optimization problem. The results of HABC are compared with results of the well-known graph coloring algorithms of today, i.e. the Tabucol and Hybrid Evolutionary algorithm (HEA) and results of the traditional evolutionary algorithm with SAW method (EA-SAW). Extensive experimentations has shown that the HABC matched the competitive results of the best graph coloring algorithms, and did better than the traditional heuristics EA-SAW when solving equi-partite, flat, and random generated medium-sized graphs

Separation of breast cancer and organ microenvironment transcriptomes in metastases

Background: The seed and soil hypothesis was proposed over a century ago to describe why cancer cells (seeds) grow in certain organs (soil). Since then, the genetic properties that define the cancer cells have been heavily investigated; however, genomic mediators within the organ microenvironment that mediate successful metastatic growth are less understood. These studies sought to identify cancer- and organ-specific genomic programs that mediate metastasis. Methods: In these studies, a set of 14 human breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) metastasis models was developed and then tested for metastatic tropism with two approaches: spontaneous metastases from mammary tumors and intravenous injection of PDX cells. The transcriptomes of the cancer cells when growing as tumors or metastases were separated from the transcriptomes of the microenvironment via species-specific separation of the genomes. Drug treatment of PDX spheroids was performed to determine if genes activated in metastases may identify targetable mediators of viability. Results: The experimental approaches that generated metastases in PDX models were identified. RNA sequencing of 134 tumors, metastases, and normal non-metastatic organs identified cancer- and organ-specific genomic properties that mediated metastasis. A common genomic response of the liver microenvironment was found to occur in reaction to the invading PDX cells. Genes within the cancer cells were found to be either transiently regulated by the microenvironment or permanently altered due to clonal selection of metastatic sublines. Gene Set Enrichment Analyses identified more than 400 gene signatures that were commonly activated in metastases across basal-like PDXs. A Src signaling signature was found to be extensively upregulated in metastases, and Src inhibitors were found to be cytotoxic to PDX spheroids. Conclusions: These studies identified that during the growth of breast cancer metastases, there were genomic changes that occurred within both the cancer cells and the organ microenvironment. We hypothesize that pathways upregulated in metastases are mediators of viability and that simultaneously targeting changes within different cancer cell pathways and/or different tissue compartments may be needed for inhibition of disease progression

Indication for the coexistence of closed orbit and quantum interferometer with the same cross section in the organic metal (ET)4(H3O)[Fe(C2O4)3].C6H4Cl2: Persistence of SdH oscillations above 30 K

Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) and de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations spectra of the quasi-two dimensional charge transfer salt $\beta$"-(ET)$_4$(H$_3$O)[Fe(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$]$\cdot$C$_6$H$_4$Cl$_2$ have been investigated in pulsed magnetic fields up to 54 T. The data reveal three basic frequencies F$_a$, F$_b$ and F$_{b - a}$, which can be interpreted on the basis of three compensated closed orbits at low temperature. However a very weak thermal damping of the Fourier component F$_b$, with the highest amplitude, is evidenced for SdH spectra above about 6 K. As a result, magnetoresistance oscillations are observed at temperatures higher than 30 K. This feature, which is not observed for dHvA oscillations, is in line with quantum interference, pointing to a Fermi surface reconstruction in this compound.Comment: published in Eur. Phys. J. B 71 203 (2009

Selecting and modelling remnant AGNs with limited spectral coverage

Quantifying the energetics and lifetimes of remnant radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is much more challenging than for active sources due to the added complexity of accurately determining the time since the central black hole switched off. Independent spectral modelling of remnant lobes enables the derivation of the remnant ratio, Rrem (i.e. 'off-time/source age'); however, the requirement of high-frequency (≳5 GHz) coverage makes the application of this technique over large-area radio surveys difficult. In this work, we propose a new method, which relies on the observed brightness of backflow of Fanaroff-Riley type II lobes, combined with the Radio AGN in Semi-Analytic Environments (RAiSE) code, to measure the duration of the remnant phase. Sensitive radio observations of the remnant radio galaxy J2253-34 are obtained to provide a robust comparison of this technique with the canonical spectral analysis and modelling methods. We find that the remnant lifetimes modelled by each method are consistent; spectral modelling yields Rrem = 0.23 ± 0.02, compared to Rrem = 0.26 ± 0.02 from our new method. We examine the viability of applying our proposed technique to low-frequency radio surveys using mock radio source populations, and examine whether the technique is sensitive to any intrinsic properties of radio AGNs. Our results show that the technique can be used to robustly classify active and remnant populations, with the most confident predictions for the remnant ratio, and thus off-time, in the longest lived radio sources (>50 Myr) and those at higher redshifts (z > 0.1)

Localization of gravity in brane world with arbitrary extra dimensions

We study the induced 4-dimensional linearized Einstein field equations in an m-dimensional bulk space by means of a confining potential. It is shown that in this approach the mass of graviton is quantized. The cosmological constant problem is also addressed within the context of this approach. We show that the difference between the values of the cosmological constant in particle physics and cosmology stems from our measurements in two different scales, small and large.Comment: 8 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:gr-qc/0408004, arXiv:gr-qc/0607067, arXiv:0704.1035, arXiv:0707.3558, arXiv:0710.266

Generalizations of normal ordering and applications to quantization in classical backgrounds

A nonlocal method of extracting the positive (or the negative) frequency part of a field, based on knowledge of a 2-point function, leads to certain natural generalizations of the normal ordering of quantum fields in classical gravitational and electromagnetic backgrounds and illuminates the origin of the recently discovered nonlocalities related to a local description of particles. A local description of particle creation by gravitational backgrounds is given, with emphasis on the case of black-hole evaporation. The formalism reveals a previously hidden relation between various definitions of the particle current and those of the energy-momentum tensor. The implications to particle creation by classical backgrounds, as well as to the relation between vacuum energy, dark matter, and cosmological constant, are discussed.Comment: 17 pages, revised, title shortened, to appear in Gen. Rel. Gra

A mathematical analysis of the evolution of perturbations in a modified Chaplygin gas model

One approach in modern cosmology consists in supposing that dark matter and dark energy are different manifestations of a single `quartessential' fluid. Following such idea, this work presents a study of the evolution of perturbations of density in a flat cosmological model with a modified Chaplygin gas acting as a single component. Our goal is to obtain properties of the model which can be used to distinguish it from another cosmological models which have the same solutions for the general evolution of the scale factor of the universe, without the construction of the power spectrum. Our analytical results, which alone can be used to uniquely characterize the specific model studied in our work, show that the evolution of the density contrast can be seen, at least in one particular case, as composed by a spheroidal wave function. We also present a numerical analysis which clearly indicates as one interesting feature of the model the appearence of peaks in the evolution of the density constrast.Comment: 21 pages, accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitatio

Health Literacy and Demographic Disparities in HIV Care Continuum Outcomes

Studies evaluating the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continuum of care outcomes [antiretroviral (ART) adherence, retention in care, viral suppression] and health literacy have yielded conflicting results. Moreover, studies from the southern United States, a region of the country disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic and low health literacy, are lacking. We conducted an observational cohort study among 575 people living with HIV (PLWH) at the Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic (Nashville, Tennessee). Health literacy was measured using the brief health literacy screen, a short tool which can be administered verbally by trained clinical personnel. Low health literacy was associated with a lack of viral suppression, but not with poor ART adherence or poor retention. Age and racial disparities in continuum of care outcomes persisted after accounting for health literacy, suggesting that factors in addition to health literacy must be addressed in order to improve outcomes for PLWH