Inherent Irreversibility of Exothermic Chemical Reactive Third-Grade Poiseuille Flow of a Variable Viscosity with Convective Cooling

In this study, the analysis of inherent irreversibility of chemical reactive third-grade poiseuille flow of a variable viscosity with convective cooling is investigated. The dissipative heat in a reactive exothermic chemical moves over liquid in an irreversible way and the entropy is produced unceasingly in the system within the fixed walls. The heat convective exchange with the surrounding temperature at the plate surface follows Newton’s law of cooling. The solutions of the dimensionless nonlinear equations are obtained using weighted residual method (WRM). The solutions are used to obtain the Bejan number and the entropy generation rate for the system. The influence of some pertinent parameters on the entropy generation and the Bejan number are illustrated graphically and discussed with respect to the parameters

Reducing Wastage In Electricity Usage Through The Use Of Advancement In GSM Technology

Due to epileptic nature of electricity in developing economy like Nigeria, people have their electrical loads on mistakenly when leaving homes for offices or offices for homes; and this normally resulting in energy wastages and inefficiencies. These wastages are very detrimental to industrial development; therefore, there is need to make use of advancement in technology to reduce wastage in electricity usage. To that effect, this paper proposes a device that can control home appliances via Global System for Mobile Communication network so as to reduce electrical energy wastages and consequently, enhance industrial sectors growth. In addition, the proposed device will inform the user when utility board restores electricity on the user’s mobile line, display on the mobile line of the user the states of all the connected appliances and receive appropriate command from the user, to either switch ON or OFF specified appliance(s). The various results obtained when the proposed device was tested revealed that it worked according to the design specifications

Antimicrobial activities of phenolic containing extracts of some tropical vegetables

The present study sought to investigate the antimicrobial properties of phenolic containing extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (Va), Ocimum gratissimum (Og) and Manihot utilissima (Mu). Phenolic compound was characterized with the aid of a reversed phase HPLC/DAD/MS, and the antimicrobial activities of the extracts was assessed using agar-well diffusion method against some microorganisms, namely; Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aereus, Shigella spp, Enterobacter, Clostridium sporogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Proteus vulgaris. Ten, eight and four phenolic compounds were identified in Va, Og, and Mu respectively. The major phenolic compounds identified in Va were, Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin and 1,5 dicaffeoyl quinic acid; nevadensin, vicenin-2, cichoric acid and rosmarinic acid in Og, while the major polyphenol in Mu were rutin and Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside. The antimicrobial investigation showed that M. utilissima is active against only B. cereus of the entire tested organism. V. amygdalina is active against B. cereus, S. aereus and Shigella spp, while O. gratissimum is active against B. cereus, S. aereus and Shigella spp. The results obtained in the present investigation showed that the use of the vegetable materials as nutraceuticals may reduce the risk of microbial infections, which may partly be due to their phenolic composition.ICTP/IAEA.http://www.academicjournals.org/ajp

Effect of vine harvesting regimes on root proximate composition of three sweetpotato varieties

A common practice among sweetpotato farmers is the pruning of vines for sale in a field cultivated for root production. While the effects of such practice on root and shoot yields have been extensively investigated, little or no information is available on the effect of the practice on nutritional (proximate) composition of the fresh roots produced. To generate such important information to adequately advise the many farmers that engage in such practice, an experiment was conducted using three popular sweetpotato varieties and four cutting regimes (0, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after planting (WAP). All the normal agronomic practices were observed to ensure adequate plant growth. The three varieties, four pruning regimes and their interactions showed significant (p<0.05) differences for each proximate composition. While pruning led to reduction in root dry matter and carbohydrate contents in Ex-Igbariam and King J varieties, both nutritional components were enhanced by pruning in the Mother’s Delight variety. However, among the pruning regimes, clear trend of increasing root dry matter and carbohydrate contents were observed in King J as the weeks after planting increased. Root carbohydrate of Mother’s Delight reduced as pruning was delayed. Early or no pruning favoured root crude protein accumulation in Ex-Igbariam. In King J and Mother’s Delight, late vine pruning was better for crude protein. The results for ash, crude fibre and fat contents, the relationships among the root proximate content, and the best time to prune each popular variety to achieve higher content of each proximate composition are discussed in the paper.Keywords: Sweetpotato, vine pruning regime, proximate composition, and correlatio

Phenolic composition and bioactive properties of cell wall preparations and whole grains of selected cereals and legumes

Phenolic compounds are associated with cell walls in cereals and legumes. Phenolic composition and bioactive properties of cell walls and whole grain of sorghum, teff and cowpea were determined.Whole grain extracts had higher total phenolic content (630–2,782 mg CE/g) and total flavonoid content (0.033– 0.17 mg CE/g) than cell wall extracts (261–1,005 and 0.011–0.047 mg CE/g, respectively). Similar trends were observed for 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6 sulfonic acid) radical scavenging (whole grain: 30–87; cell wall: 22 mM TE/g), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (whole grain: 47–964; cell wall: 40–183 mM TE/g) and ferric reducing power (whole grain: 85–279; cell wall: 41–95 mg vitamin C equivalent/g). Whole grains contained both phenolic acids and flavonoids. Ferulic acid was a major component of cell walls.Whole grain and cell wall extracts inhibited low-density lipoprotein oxidation and protected against oxidative DNA damage. Cereal and legume cell walls may be considered important potential contributors to human health because of their phenolic composition.South African National Research Foundation including the award of a post-doctoral fellowship for S.O. Salawu.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1745-45142015-02-28hb201

Stagnation-point flow of Williamson fluid along a stretched plate with convective thermal condition and activation energy

The implication of a stagnation-point flow together with the influence of activation energy in a Williamson fluid, which consists of tiny particles, over an expansive plate is analyzed numerically. Conditions of convective heat and mass motion with features of irregular movement and thermal-migration of particles influenced by viscous dissipation and convective heat surface condition are checked in the study. The conversion of the model equations from the initially formulated partial derivatives to ordinary ones is implemented by similarity transformations while an unconditionally stable Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration plus shooting technique are then used to complete the integration. Various interesting effects of the physical parameters are demonstrated graphically and explained appropriately in order to make accurate predictions. Moreover, the accuracy of the solution is verified by comparing the values of the skin friction factor with earlier reported ones in literature under limiting constraints. It is worth mentioning that the velocity profiles flatten down as the magnitude of the magnetic field factors expands but this causes a boost in the fluid’s temperature. The concentration field also appreciates with activation energy but depreciates with chemical reaction and Schmidt number

Transient Heat and Mass Transfer of Hydromagnetic Effects on the Flow Past a Porous Medium with Movable Vertical Permeablesheet

An unsteady flow of heat and species transport through a porous medium in an infinite movable vertical permeable flat surface is considered. The hydromagnetic chemical reactive fluid flow is stimulated by the thermal and solutant convection, and propelled by the movement of the surface. The formulated nonlinear flow equations in time space are solved analytically by asymptotic expansions to obtain solutions for the flow momentum, energy and chemical concentration for various thermo-physical parameters. The existence of flow characteristic is defined with the assistance of the flow parameters. In the study, the impact of some pertinent flow terms is reported and discussed. The study revealed that the species boundary layer increases with a generative chemical reaction and decreases with a destructive chemical reaction. Also, arise in the generative species reaction term reduces the flow momentum for the cooling surface. The impact of other flow governing parameters is displayed graphically as well as the fluid wall friction, wall energy and species gradients. The results of this study are important in chemical thermal engineering for monitoring processes to avoid solution blow up

Transient Heat and Mass Transfer of Hydromagnetic Effects on the Flow Past a Porous Medium with Movable Vertical Permeablesheet

An unsteady flow of heat and species transport through a porous medium in an infinite movable vertical permeable flat surface is considered. The hydromagnetic chemical reactive fluid flow is stimulated by the thermal and solutant convection, and propelled by the movement of the surface. The formulated nonlinear flow equations in time space are solved analytically by asymptotic expansions to obtain solutions for the flow momentum, energy and chemical concentration for various thermo-physical parameters. The existence of flow characteristic is defined with the assistance of the flow parameters. In the study, the impact of some pertinent flow terms is reported and discussed. The study revealed that the species boundary layer increases with a generative chemical reaction and decreases with a destructive chemical reaction. Also, arise in the generative species reaction term reduces the flow momentum for the cooling surface. The impact of other flow governing parameters is displayed graphically as well as the fluid wall friction, wall energy and species gradients. The results of this study are important in chemical thermal engineering for monitoring processes to avoid solution blow up

Entropy generation and current density of tangent hyperbolic Cu-C2H6O2 and ZrO2-Cu/C2H6O2 hybridized electromagnetic nanofluid: A thermal power application

Maintaining a continuous thermal convective power supply is very essential in many industries and thermal systems, this is because it helps in improving the efficiency of engineering machines and engines. Thus, hybridized electromagnetic nanoparticle in a heat supporting non-Newtonian fluid is a good platform to enhance thermal power energy. Based on its usefulness, this study focuses on the hybridization of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and copper (Cu) tangent hyperbolic nanofluid in ethylene-glycol(EG) (C2H6O2) solvent for thermal power optimization. With quadratic Boussinesq approximation, the fluid is influenced by electromagnetic induction and thermal convection. Via similarity quantities, an invariant derivative model is obtained. The model is completely solved using weighted residual method coupled with partition and one-third Simpson’s quadrature technique. The presented outputs revealed that entropy generation is minimized and thermodynamic equilibrium is achieved with rising values of the electric and magnetic field terms. Heat propagation is augmented with an enhanced electric field loading and nanoparticle volume fraction for hybrid nanofluid than unitary nanofluid. Also, current density is build-up for rising Williamson and thermal convection terms

Magnetohydrodynamic micropolar nanofluid flow over a vertically elongating sheet containing gyrotactic microorganisms with temperature-dependent viscosity

Magnetohydrodynamic bioconvective micropolar nanofluid flow with migrating microorganisms opens up an intriguing new field in materials science. The distribution of particles during processing, such as metal casting, polymer extrusion, etc., can affect material characteristics and final product quality. So, the current research examines magnetohydrodynamic micropolar nanofluid flow over a vertically extending material in the presence of swimming microorganisms. The mathematical model also considers the temperature dependence of dynamic viscosity with thermal radiation using the Rosseland approximation, Brownian diffusion, and the thermo-migration of microscopic particles. Similarity variables are used to convert the partial derivatives to ordinary derivatives. Then the Runge-Kutta-Gill method is used with the shooting technique to obtain a numerical solution to the resulting set of equations. Various tables and graphs are included to illustrate the impact of the emerging parameters on the flow fields. Results show that an increase in the material parameter improves fluid mobility but decreases the skin friction coefficient, whereas the magnetic field term exhibits the opposite behaviour due to friction induced by the Lorentz force. The analysis shows that the thermal field significantly expands as the thermo-migration of tiny particles and Brownian motion get stronger