Productivity of Backwaters and Estuaries

The main reason why the backwaters and estuaries have been included in the Symposium on "The Biology of the Indian Ocean" is that, in certain regions of the Indian Ocean, the backwaters with their associated river system form a fairly large part of the inshore waters and influence the hydrography of the coastal water considerably

Production of living matter in the sea

There has always been a general agreement among the sc ientists that many more living organisms exist i~ the sea than on land . Scientists have already found about one hundred and fifty thousand different forms of lifc in the sea and they are adding to the list at thc rate of aRDut three new ones per day. S;ientists also believe that it is the sea that hes been the first home of living things

Pharmaceutical Potential of Marine Organisms

The use of extracts of plants and animals for medicinal purposes is a practice as old as the history of mankind. However, man's efforts have largely been confined to land plants and animals probably because of their easy accessibility. These represent only 20% of the earth 's total plant and animal life. The oceans, which cover about 71 % of the earth, support very rich plant and animal life, classified under more than 30 flora and faun a. Some of these are exclusively marine and thrive under extremely diverse environmental conditions

Are there enough shrimps in the sea?

The subject on shrimps seems very timely indeed, because not a day passes without our hearing or reading something about the shortage of prawns in Kerala. There seems a general agreement amongst the fishermen and the fishery industrialists that the shrimp stocks are on the decline. Such a complete agreement, however, does not exist among the fishery scientists. A considerable apprehension is also being expressed by the other maritime states of India, for they feel that what Kerala is facing today, they might have to face later on

Book Review: The fish resources of the Ocean (J.A. Gulland - comp. and ed.,)

QULLAND, J. A. [Compiler and Editor] 1971. The fish resources of the ocean. Fishing News (Books) Ltd., Surrey, England, xi+special map section+255 pp. Price £ 10.50

Time and Duration of the Spawning Season in some marine teleosts in relation to their distribution.

A part of a study of the biology of the common shore fishes Blennius pholis and Centronotus gunnellus, the times and durations of the breeding seasons were determined and the cycles of maturation and depletion of the gonads were followed throughout the year. It then appeared that the breeding cycles of thc two species are very differen

Spawning frequencies and breeding seasons of some freshwater fishes with special reference to those occurring in the plains of northern India

It is well known that the differences in the spawning behaviour of teleosts can to a certain extent be illustrated on the basis of the condition revealed by • the unspawned eggs in the ovary (Heidrich, 1925; Clark, 1925, 1934; Hickling and Rutenberg, 1936). Many studies on the ova diameter frequencies have been undertaken during recent years and in almost all cases it has been accepted that species which have all the ovarian eggs of similar size spawn them together whereas those which have a wide range in oocyte sizes may have several groups of eggs matured and shed periodically during the breeding seaso

On Link Availability Probability of Routing Protocols for Urban Scenario in VANETs

This paper presents the link availability probability. We evaluate and compare the link availability probability for routing protocols; Ad hoc On-demand Distance vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Fisheye State Routing (FSR) for different number of connections and node density. A novel contribution of this work is enhancement in existing parameters of routing protocols; AODV, DSR and FSR as MOD-AODV, MOD-DSR and MOD-FSR. From the results, we observe that MOD-DSR and DSR outperform MOD-AODV, AODV, MODOLSR and OLSR in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End-to End Delay (AE2ED), link availability probability at the cost of high value of Normalized Routing Overhead (NRO).Comment: IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS2012)", Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 201