Gender and innovation processes in rice-based systems

This GRiSP report is based on the perspectives of women and men from three rice-growing villages in the Nueva Ecija province of the Philippines

Steiner Whisper Clustering and Gated Recurrent Trust-Based Secure Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have prompted the growing curiosity of several researchers in industrial establishments, surveillance, trading, and academic purposes over the past few years. In recent days, the application of UWSNs in different areas of application has seen a monumental advancement. In UWSN, several techniques are developed by clustering as well as deep learning for optimizing the problem of secure data routing. In this work, an energy-efficient method called Steiner Chinese Whisper Clustering and Memory Gated Recurrent Trust-based (SCWC-MGRT) secured routing in UWSN is proposed. The energy-efficient SCWC-MGRT method for secured routing in UWSN is split into two sections: clustering and secured routing. Initially, based on the energy level, underwater sensor nodes are grouped by employing the Steiner Chinese Whisper Node Clustering model. Here, the energy consumption model is designed separately for node initialization and data forwarding using the Steiner Triangulation function. Finally, maximum residual energy and distance were utilized to choose the cluster head. Then, secured data routing with underwater sensors is carried out by means of a memory-centered gated recurrent trust-based secure routing model. By the memory-centred nature, specified underwater sensor node for current time stamp and hidden state of previous time stamp, validation is through and therefore secured routing is secured. The NS2 platform was utilized to simulate SCWC-MGRT and compare the two other routing methods. SCWC-MGRT method of outcomes appreciably enhances energy efficiency, data confidentiality rate, and delivery ratio without forfeiting too much end-to-end delay

A Systematic Packet Forwarding Approach for Overlapped Hetero Cooperative Sensor Network

Due to the limitation of energy and network lifetime, the routing protocols of wireless sensor network (WSN) must minimize energy consumption and thus extend the network lifetime. Systematic packet forwarding approach is the genuine classical routing protocol in WSN. A heterogeneous characteristics is introduced whileforwarding packet to the next node. During data transmission, we are using cooperative category routing to communicate with the sink node, so that it can utilize energy more effectively and evenly. By analysing the disadvantage of previous routing approach, this paper proposes an improved Systematic packet forwarding approach. The improved routing system can reduce energy consumption and thus prolong the network lifetime. In order to provide energy reduction concept to the improved routing system , this paper introduces energy pool it acts as a mediator for to control overall energy required for communication

Stimulation of reserpine biosynthesis in the callus of Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. by precursor feeding

Reserpine is an important indole alkaloid that is used to treat hypertension and various psychiatric diseases by acting as a tranquilizing agent. In pharmaceutical industries, reserpine is in great demand. Chemical synthesis of reserpine is costlier than extracting it from natural resources. So enhancing this alkaloid in the already available system is a beneficial approach. Tryptophan is the starting material in the biosynthesis of reserpine. Callus was induced from leaf explants of Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. on MS medium supplemented with the combination of 9 μM 2,4-D and 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l tryptophan. An increase in the reserpine content was observed at 50 mg/l tryptophan than in other concentrations.Key words: Callus, MS medium, Rauvolfia tetraphylla L., reserpine, tryptophan

Survey on Heuristic Search Techniques to Solve Artificial Intelligence Problems

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that highlights the creation of machines that are intelligent, also they work and react like humans. Since AI problems are complex and cannot be solved with direct techniques we resort to heuristic search techniques. Heuristic search technique is any approach to problem solving, learning, or discovery which uses a practical methodology which is not guaranteed to be optimal or perfect, but it is sufficient for the immediate goals. This paper surveys some of the heuristic techniques which is used for searching an optimal solution among multiprocessor environment, followed by and method which enhances the search by doing a search in bidirection and also a method for task scheduling in multiprocessor environment. The paper also discuses about how heuristic is used to solve binary quadratic program and also how it is used in 3G (3rd Generation) Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) network. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15058

ENZYME PRODUCTION ABILITY BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS - A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Objective: B.subtilis and B.licheniformis have been reported as one of the potential protease producer. Hence, an attempt has been made to optimize and compare the enzyme production by entrapment and fermentor conditions. Methods: Growth profile of both the strains has been studied. Optimization of culture conditions with respect to pH, temperature, agitation, carbon, nitrogen sources and metals has also been analyzed. Immobilization studies have been conducted for the strains. Enzyme production ability in fermentor has been premeditated. Results: Growth profile for both the strains was found to be similar. Strains were optimized for maximal enzyme production. Fermentation has yielded higher production of enzyme (8080 U/ml) compared to immobilization (850 U/ml). Conclusion: B.subtilis was more stable in enzyme production with immobilization and fermentation when compared to B.licheniformis.Keywords: B.subtilis, B.licheniformis, Immobilization, Fermentatio

A retrospective study on surgical management of ovarian tumours in a teritary care semiurban hospital

Background: The prevalance of ovarian tumors is around 1-3%. The accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of ovarian tumors is a real challenge to gynaecologists. The aim of the study was to analyse the risk factors, clinical presentation, surgical procedure and histopathological report in patients with surgically managed ovarian tumours.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study by collecting the data of patients operated in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam. A total of 118 case records were studied.Results: 20.3% were nulliparous. 79.7% were multiparous. 10.2% were 60 years. 72.9% were premenopausal. 27.1% were postmenopausal. 25.4% presented with acute abdominal pain, 11.9% with mass abdomen, 30.5% with chronic pain abdomen and 32.2% were incidentally diagnosed. 20.4% underwent ovarian cystectomy, 18.6% ovariotomy, 30.5% salpingoophorectomy and 30.5% total abdominal hystrectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy. Most common histopathology report was simple cyst in 44.%. 31.3% had serous cystadenoma, 9.3% had mucinous cystadenoma, 9.3% had teratoma, 2.5% had brenner tumour, 1.7% borderline tumours and 1.7% malignancy (Serous cystadenocarcinoma).Conclusions: Elective surgical management of ovarian tumours is better option for reducing emergency laparotomies for torsion and rupture and also for obtaining a conclusive histopathological diagnosis in suspicious cases. The choice between laparoscopy and laparotomy should made after making appropriate preoperative evaluation

Evaluation of New Grape Hybrids and French Cultivars for Wine Production

This study aimed at evaluating newly developed hybrids and recently introduced cultivars of French grapes grown in mild tropics of South India for quality wine production. Wines produced from French grapes, viz., Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin Blanc and Ugni Blanc scored 15.0 -16.8 in the Davis Score Card for organoleptic analysis. Wines from red Hybrid 18/10 possessed phenolic content of 2097mg/l, had a brilliant colour and sensory score of 13.1. Hybrid 23/2 gave good quality white, dry table wines with a sensory score of 13.4

A Study on Relationship between Body Condition Score (BCS) and Milk Yield, Fat and Solids-Not-Fat Percent in Murrah Graded Buffaloes under Field Conditions

The present experiment was a study on the relationship of Body Condition Score with milk yield, fat and solids-not-fat percent in murrah graded buffaloes under field conditions. In this murrah graded buffaloes from different commercial farms of Guntur and Krishna districts were selected. Total of 150 murrah graded buffaloes of different parities (1st to 6th parities) were selected. Various parameters like BCS, related to average milk yield, fat per cent, SNF per cent was taken into consideration for the present study and a correlated study of BCS and the milk yield was studied. The selected animals were divided into four groups based on BCS as 2.5-2.99, 3.0-3.49, 3.5-3.99, 4.0-4.49. The mean BCS values of 2.5-2.99, 3.0-3.49, 3.5-3.99, 4.0-4.49 were 2.62, 3.25, 3.56 and 4.25 respectively. Highest milk yield was recorded in second month of lactation and lowest in first month of lactation with 9.445±0.15 and 6.18±0.08 kg per day, respectively. The buffaloes with BCS 4.0-4.49 yielded higher milk yield when compared to other groups. Highest fat and SNF percent was observed in the animals with BCS 4.0-4.49 when compared with others. The BCS had showed high positive correlation with SNF (0.44) and milk yield (0.41). View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i8.00

MULTI-ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF EXTRACT FROM PONGAMIAPINNATA

Heavy metals are found to be an important micronutrient for plants, humans, and animals provided the level is within the limit hence it is necessaryto determine its concentration. The extract from the seeds of Pongamia pinnata was derived by acid digestion using H2SO4. The extract was furtherclarified and filtered using standard filter papers. The clarified extract was diluted and the diluted extract was analyzed for the presence of heavymetals such as Zn, Mn, Mg, Fe, and K using atomic absorption spectrometry. The analysis revealed that the concentrations of certain metals were inacceptable levels and concentrations of certain other metals were in unacceptable levels which will have considerable impact on the engine's life andthe environment when the extract from it is used for biodiesel production.Keywords: Pongamia pinnata, Heavy metals, Atomic absorption spectrometry, Impacts, Engine, Environment