Innovative potential in European countries : analytical and legal aspects

Purpose: This paper aims to assess the innovation potential of Eastern European economies based on country's ability to export high-tech goods and services, which means innovating beyond the country's needs. Design/Methodology/Approach: We use analytical economic methodology to explore innovative potential of EE (Eastern Europe) countries as correlation-regression analysis. Findings: The study found that the innovative potential of the economy of EE (Eastern Europe) countries depends on the state’s expenditures on innovative research and development, the number of scientists and the level of financing for technical cooperation. Practical Implications: The negative factors that influence the formation of innovative potential are identified. The use of intellectual property rights by EE countries is inefficient and does not ensure the development of innovative potential. Patents for research and development of residents as well as non-residents do not ensure the progress and effectiveness of the innovative potential of the economy. The export of ICT services negatively affects innovative potential, however it is not a significant factor influencing innovative activity. Originality/Value: With this article we show that financing technical cooperation in EE countries does not lead to the development of innovative potential, that is, it is inefficient.peer-reviewe

The spectrum of quantum black holes and quasinormal modes

The spectrum of multiple level transitions of the quantum black hole is considered, and the line widths calculated. Initial evidence is found for these higher order transitions in the spectrum of quasinormal modes for Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes, further bolstering the idea that there exists a correspondence principle between quantum transitions and classical ``ringing modes''. Several puzzles are noted, including a fine-tuning problem between the line width and the level degeneracy. A more general explanation is provided for why setting the Immirzi parameter of loop quantum gravity from the black hole spectrum necessarily gives the correct value for the black hole entropy.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev.

The Mutant Form of Lamin A that Causes Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Is a Biomarker of Cellular Aging in Human Skin

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, OMIM 176670) is a rare disorder characterized by accelerated aging and early death, frequently from stroke or coronary artery disease. 90% of HGPS cases carry the LMNA G608G (GGC>GGT) mutation within exon 11 of LMNA, activating a splice donor site that results in production of a dominant negative form of lamin A protein, denoted progerin. Screening 150 skin biopsies from unaffected individuals (newborn to 97 years) showed that a similar splicing event occurs in vivo at a low level in the skin at all ages. While progerin mRNA remains low, the protein accumulates in the skin with age in a subset of dermal fibroblasts and in a few terminally differentiated keratinocytes. Progerin-positive fibroblasts localize near the basement membrane and in the papillary dermis of young adult skin; however, their numbers increase and their distribution reaches the deep reticular dermis in elderly skin. Our findings demonstrate that progerin expression is a biomarker of normal cellular aging and may potentially be linked to terminal differentiation and senescence in elderly individuals