Main and interaction effects of extrusion temperature and usage level of full fat soybean on performance and blood metabolites of broiler chickens

The extruded full fat soybean (EFFSB) may be used in diet to satisfy the energy and protein requirements of fast growing broiler chickens. The main and interaction effects of three extrusion temperatures and two dietary levels of FFSB were studied on the performance, physiological enzymes and blood metabolites of broiler chickens from 0 to 42 days. The batches of full fat soybean (FFSB) were wet extruded at three temperatures (145, 155 and 165°C, respectively) for 15 s. 240 day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were divided and placed in 24 pens. Six starter, grower and finisher diets were provided in a 2 × 3 factorial design with two dietary levels of EFFSB (7.5 and 15%) and three extrusion temperatures (145, 155 and 165°C). The extrusion temperatures did not have significant effect on feed intake (FI), body weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chickens during each and whole period, but the inclusion rate of EFFSB had significant (P<0.05) effect on FI and WG. The FI and WG of chickens fed diet contained 15% EFFSB was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed 7.5% EFFSB diet. The extrusion temperatures and inclusion rate did not significantly affect pancreas weight, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes, indicating that the anti-nutrients residuals of FFSBs extruded at 145, 155 and 165°C did not influence liver system and pancreas size of chicks at 21 days of age. The interaction effects between dietary levels of EFFSB and extrusion temperatures on performance criteria, pancreas weight, CPK, LDH, AST and ALT enzymes of chickens were not significant (P>0.05) during each and whole period. It is concluded that blood metabolites and broiler performance were not affected (P>0.05) with extrusion temperature from 145 to 165°C, but increasing dietary levels of EFFSB from 7.5 to 15%, affected (P<0.05) negatively the growth rate of chicks.Key words: Full fat soybean extrusion, temperature, broiler performance, blood metabolites

Effect of methadone on depression, anxiety and quality of life in addicts

Introduction: Addiction treatment and breaking the vicious cycle that is difficult and expensive. And want comprehensive treatment system with different approaches to drug therapy, psychotherapy and rehabilitation. In this study, was assessed the effects of methadone therapy on depression, anxiety and quality of life in addicts referred to addiction Treatment of Health Center of Shahid Ahmadi Tehran. Materials & methods: This study was semi experimental that in 1389- 90 years was performed on addicts refer to addiction treatment center of ShahidAhmadi Tehran with available sampling method. Overall 96 people entered the study. The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: Demographic information, Beck's depression inventory, STAI anxiety and quality of life, was complete before the start of treatment with methadone and one month after of treatment with methadone. Data were analyzed by using spss16 and paired t-test and wilcoxon. Findings: The results showed that 72 addict, were depressed before the treatment with methadone. One month after treatment, the prevalence of depression in patients was reduced to 46 persons. This decrease was statistically significant. Level of anxiety was reduced after taking the methadone. Also the quality of life after treatment with methadone was significantly more than ago. Conclusion: Use of alternative treatments such as methadone therapy can be effective in reduction the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety and increase the quality of life

Effect of Rolled or Extruded Flaxseeds in Finisher Diet on Pellet Quality, Performance, and n-3 Fatty Acids in Breast and Thigh Muscles of Broiler Chickens

An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of corn-soybean meal finisher (29-42d) diets containing flaxseeds (rolled or extruded) on pellet quality, performance, n-3 fatty acids (FA) and oxidative stability of meat in broiler chickens. Seven pelleted diets were provided in a 3×2 factorial arrangement with three flaxseed levels (5, 10, and 15%) and two processing methods (rolled or extruded) and a zero flaxseed diet (control). Birds fed diet containing 15% flaxseed had significantly lower weight gain and higher feed conversion ratio compared to those fed diets contained 0, 5 and/or 10% flaxseed. The type of flaxseed processing did not influence (P > 0.05) fatty acid profile and the MDA content in muscles. Chickens fed the control diet had relatively high levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Feeding diets contained flaxseed markedly reduced the levels of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly the n-3 fatty acids in meat. It is concluded that the addition of 15% flaxseeds to finisher diet can increase n-3 fatty acids and lipid peroxidation in meat, while reducing growth performance of broiler chickens. However, feeding finisher diet containing 10% flaxseed compared to 5 or 15% flaxseed is of more practical to achieve an acceptable level of Omega-3 fatty acids in breast and thigh muscles without compromising the performance of broiler chickens

Effects of Three Extrusion Temperatures of FFSB on Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AMEn), Apparent Nutrients Digestibility and Production Performance of Broiler Chickens

In the first experiment, the nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and nutrients apparent digestibility of full fat soybean (FFSB) extruded at 145, 155 (common temperature) and 165 o C were evaluated. The corn-soy based diets were replaced with zero, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 % of each FFSB extruded at three temperatures during 15-21 d of age and AMEn and nutrients digestibility of EFFSB were calculated by regression analysis through extrapolation to 100 ٪ substitution in basal diet. The AMEn values of the FFSB samples extruded at 145, 155 and 165 o C obtained 3893, 3908 and 4037 kcal/kg, respectively and were not significantly different (P>0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter and ether extract in FFSB samples extruded at 165 o C, was higher as compared to FFSB extruded at 145 o C. In the second experiment, the effects of 15 % FFSB extruded at three temperatures, evaluated on performance, ileal digesta viscosity and morphology of jejunum mucosa of broiler chickens. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of 42 d chickens and ileal digesta viscosity of 21 d chickens were not affected by extrusion temperatures of FFSB. The jejunal villi lentgh of chickens increased with increase in extrusion temperature of FFSB, which resulted in significant increase (

Effects of Dietary Extruded Full Fat Soybean (EFFSB) on Performance, Blood Metabolites and Morphology of Intestinal Mucosa of Broiler Chickens

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary levels of extruded full fat soybean (EFFSB) on performance, blood metabolites and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A batch of FFSB was wet extruded at 155 °C, 15 seconds to provide the extruded full fat soybean (EFFSB) sample. One hundred and forty four d-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were divided into 12 groups with 12 birds each and assigned to starter, grower and finisher diets each containing 0, 7.5 and 15 % of EFFSB. Feed intake of chicks fed diet containing 15% EFFSB, were significantly reduced as compared to those fed the control diet during 1-14 d of age, but were not influenced during grower, finisher and the whole experimental period. A significant linear decrease was observed in weight gain of birds during whole period. Relative weight of pancreas, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase (CK) in blood serum of chicks were not influenced with dietary EFFSB level. A significant linear decrease was observed in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol with increasing in dietary levels of EFFSB at 42 d of age. The villi length decreased linearly with increasing dietary levels of EFFSB in duodenum section of small intestine, causing a significant decrease in villi surface area in duodenum of birds fed 15% EFFSB diet as comparing to control birds, the crypt depth and villus length/ crypt depth were changed. The morphological measurements of small intestine mucosa in jejunum and ileum sections were not significantly influenced by dietary EFFSB at 42 d chickens. It is concluded that using full fat soybean extruded at 155 °C up to 15 % of diet did not influence significantly performance of chickens during whole period, although the villi length and villi surface area decreased in duodenum of birds with increase in the usage of EFFSB

Effects of Nutrient Density and exogenous enzymesin Starter Diet on Performance, Intestinal Microflora, Gut Morphology and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens

ABSTRACT A total of 810 one-day-old, straight-run broilers were used to evaluate the effects of dietary nutrient density and feed additives included in the starter diet on their performance, intestinal microbiota, gut morphology, and immune response. A 3×3 factorial arrangement with three nutrient densities (100, 103.75 and 107.5%, as recommended) and three feed additives (no additives, 0.5 g/kg diet Maxi-Gen, and Maxi-Gen + Superzyme + Bio-Phytase at the rate of 0.5, 0.25 and 0.1 g/kg diet, respectively), fed from 1 to 10 d of age. Similar commercial corn-soy grower and finisher diets fed to all birds from 10-24 and 24-42 d of age, respectively. There was higher (p<0.05) body weight gain and lower (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio in chicks fed starter diet with 107.5% nutrient density and Maxi-Gen with or without exogenous enzymes compared with those fed control diet at 10 and 42 d of age. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria counts in the cecal content were increased linearly as dietary nutrient density increased in 10-d-old birds (p<0.05). Higher duodenal and jejunal villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (p<0.05) were measured in the birds fed the starter diets with 103.75% and 107.5% nutrient density at 5 and 10 d of age. Total anti-SRBC and IgM titers were significantly higher in the broilers fed the 107.5% nutrient density diet containing feed additives at 35 day of age. It is concluded that higher nutrient density and the inclusion of feed additives in the starter diet may improve the growth performance, gut morphology, and immune response of broiler chickens