131 research outputs found
Importance of halauxifen-methyl for integrated weed management in sunflower, with special emphasis on the control of resistant common ragweed to ALS inhibitors
Halauxifen-methyl is a new herbicide and the only member of synthetic auxins that can be used in all sunflower hybrids. The most important sunflower weeds in Europe include members of the same family as sunflower, with typical representative such as di cult to control common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia). Relying mostly on ALS inhibitors in the last two decades, some weeds (including recently A. artemisiifolia) developed resistance to these herbicides and have a negative impact on the sustainability of the existing strategies in weed management. Due to its unique properties, such as exceptional effi cacy against some di cult to control weeds, halauxifen-methyl has potential to occupy a significant place in integrated weed management. During 2017-2019 in field trials in northern Serbia, the halauxifen-methyl based product Viballa was tested in conventional and tolerant sunflower to imidazolinones and tribenuron-methyl in order to examine the possibilities for control some economically important weeds, with special emphasis on A. artemisiifolia. Viballa (1 L·ha-1) was applied post-emergence in growth stages of 4-8 leaves of crop and weeds
Lipidomic Analysis of Plastidial Octanoyltransferase Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana
International audiencePlant de novo fatty acid synthesis takes place in the plastid using acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) as the main precursor. This first intermediate is produced from pyruvate through the action of the plastidial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), which catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to produce acetyl-CoA, CO 2 , and NADH. For the proper functioning of this complex, lipoic acid is required to be bound to the dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase E2 subunit of PDH. Octanoyltransferase (LIP2; EC 2.3.1.181) and lipoyl synthase (LIP1; EC 2.8.1.8) are the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of this essential cofactor. In Arabidopsis plastids, an essential lipoyl synthase (AtLIP1p) and two redundant octanoyltransferases (AtLIP2p1 and AtLIP2p2) have been described. In the present study, the lipidomic characterization of Arabidopsis octanoyltransferase mutants reveals new insight into the lipoylation functions within plastid metabolism. Lipids and fatty acids from mature seeds and seedlings from Atlip2p1 and Atlip2p2 mutants were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HRMS2), the analysis revealed changes in fatty acid profiles that showed similar patterns in both mutant seeds and seedlings and in the lipid species containing those fatty acids. Although both mutants showed similar tendencies, the lack of the AtLIP2p2 isoform produced a more acute variation in its lipids profile. These changes in fatty acid composition and the increase in their content per seed point to the interference of octanoyltransferases in the fatty acid synthesis flux in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds
Novel Insights into the Bovine Polled Phenotype and Horn Ontogenesis in Bovidae
Despite massive research efforts, the molecular etiology of bovine polledness and the developmental pathways involved in horn ontogenesis are still poorly understood. In a recent article, we provided evidence for the existence of at least two different alleles at the Polled locus and identified candidate mutations for each of them. None of these mutations was located in known coding or regulatory regions, thus adding to the complexity of understanding the molecular basis of polledness. We confirm previous results here and exhaustively identify the causative mutation for the Celtic allele (PC) and four candidate mutations for the Friesian allele (PF). We describe a previously unreported eyelash-and-eyelid phenotype associated with regular polledness, and present unique histological and gene expression data on bovine horn bud differentiation in fetuses affected by three different horn defect syndromes, as well as in wild-type controls. We propose the ectopic expression of a lincRNA in PC/p horn buds as a probable cause of horn bud agenesis. In addition, we provide evidence for an involvement of OLIG2, FOXL2 and RXFP2 in horn bud differentiation, and draw a first link between bovine, ovine and caprine Polled loci. Our results represent a first and important step in understanding the genetic pathways and key process involved in horn bud differentiation in Bovidae
The MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (MALS) data release I: Stokes I image catalogs at 1-1.4 GHz
The MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (MALS) has observed 391 telescope
pointings at L-band (900 - 1670 MHz) at . We present
radio continuum images and a catalog of 495,325 (240,321) radio sources
detected at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 5 over an area of 2289 deg
(1132 deg) at 1006 MHz (1381 MHz). Every MALS pointing contains a central
bright radio source ( Jy). The median spatial
resolution is (). The median rms noise
away from the pointing center is 25 Jy beam (22 Jy
beam) and is within 15% of the achievable theoretical
sensitivity. The flux density scale ratio and astrometric accuracy deduced from
multiply observed sources in MALS are less than 1% (8% scatter) and
, respectively. Through comparisons with NVSS and FIRST at
1.4 GHz, we establish the catalog's accuracy in the flux density scale and
astrometry to be better than 6% (15% scatter) and ,
respectively. The median flux density offset is higher (9%) for an alternate
beam model based on holographic measurements. The MALS radio source counts at
1.4 GHz are in agreement with literature. We estimate spectral indices
() of a subset of 125,621 sources (SNR8), confirm the flattening of
spectral indices with decreasing flux density and identify 140 ultra
steep-spectrum () sources as prospective high- radio galaxies
(). We have identified 1308 variable and 122 transient radio sources
comprising primarily of AGN that demonstrate long-term (26 years) variability
in their observed flux densities. The MALS catalogs and images are publicly
available at https://mals.iucaa.in.Comment: 64 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJS (full
version of the paper with complete tables is available at DR1 release notes
A multi-scale analysis of bull sperm methylome revealed both species peculiarities and conserved tissue-specific
peer-reviewedBackground: Spermatozoa have a remarkable epigenome in line with their degree of specialization, their unique
nature and different requirements for successful fertilization. Accordingly, perturbations in the establishment of DNA
methylation patterns during male germ cell differentiation have been associated with infertility in several species.Background: Spermatozoa have a remarkable epigenResults: The quantification of DNA methylation at CCGG sites using luminometric methylation assay (LUMA)
highlighted the undermethylation of bull sperm compared to the sperm of rams, stallions, mice, goats and men.
Total blood cells displayed a similarly high level of methylation in bulls and rams, suggesting that undermethylation
of the bovine genome was specific to sperm. Annotation of CCGG sites in different species revealed no striking bias
in the distribution of genome features targeted by LUMA that could explain undermethylation of bull sperm. To
map DNA methylation at a genome-wide scale, bull sperm was compared with bovine liver, fibroblasts and
monocytes using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and immunoprecipitation of methylated DNA
followed by microarray hybridization (MeDIP-chip). These two methods exhibited differences in terms of genome
coverage, and consistently, two independent sets of sequences differentially methylated in sperm and somatic cells
were identified for RRBS and MeDIP-chip. Remarkably, in the two sets most of the differentially methylated
sequences were hypomethylated in sperm. In agreement with previous studies in other species, the sequences that
were specifically hypomethylated in bull sperm targeted processes relevant to the germline differentiation program
(piRNA metabolism, meiosis, spermatogenesis) and sperm functions (cell adhesion, fertilization), as well as satellites
and rDNA repeats.
Conclusions: These results highlight the undermethylation of bull spermatozoa when compared with both bovine
somatic cells and the sperm of other mammals, and raise questions regarding the dynamics of DNA methylation in
bovine male germline. Whether sperm undermethylation has potential interactions with structural variation in the
cattle genome may deserve further attention.
While bull semen is widely used in artificial insemination, the literature describing DNA methylation in bull
spermatozoa is still scarce. The purpose of this study was therefore to characterize the bull sperm methylome
relative to both bovine somatic cells and the sperm of other mammals through a multiscale analysis
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