Engorged ticks <i>Ixodes uriae</i> on the neck of a Brünnich’s guillemot, Ossian Sarsfjellet colony, Svalbard (picture by D. Ruché).

<p>Engorged ticks <i>Ixodes uriae</i> on the neck of a Brünnich’s guillemot, Ossian Sarsfjellet colony, Svalbard (picture by D. Ruché).</p

Winter temperature and tick prevalence.

<p>Relationship between mean winter temperature in Kongsfjorden (average monthly temperature between January and March) and the prevalence of tick infestation on Brünnich’s guillemot (<i>Uria lomvia</i>) at the Ossian Sarsfjellet colony, Svalbard archipelago (R² = 0.89, p = 0.005). The total number of guillemots caught each season is noted in brackets near each circle. The relationship remains marginally significant when the warmest year was excluded (R² = 0.73, p = 0.067).</p

Population model for Common eiders breeding at the East Bay colony, Southampton Island, Canada.

<p><b>A.</b> Life cycle of common eiders (Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada) based on three age classes. The population matrix <i>A</i> contains the vital rates and projects the population from time <i>t</i> to <i>t</i>+1. The fertility parameter was calculated as the product between the breeding probability (<i>BP</i>), the average breeding success (<i>BS</i>) and the average number of hatchlings per breeding female (<i>f</i>). <i>S_A</i> represents adult survival (survival from 2 years of age onwards), <i>S_Y</i> survival of yearlings (from 1 to 2 years of age) and <i>S_H</i> survival of hatchlings (from hatching to 1 year of age). We considered four different periods based on cholera severity; demographic parameters for each period are shown in <b>B.</b></p

Female common eider carcasses following an avian cholera outbreak, East Bay colony, Southampton Island, Canada (photo: S. Descamps).

<p>Female common eider carcasses following an avian cholera outbreak, East Bay colony, Southampton Island, Canada (photo: S. Descamps).</p

Long term stochastic growth rates of the East Bay common eider population (Southampton Island, Canada).

<p>The stochastic growth rates (<i>log-λ_s</i>) is described as a function of the frequency (number of epidemics per decade) and duration (number of years of epidemics in a row) of avian cholera epidemics. The growth rates were calculated from a stochastic model with two states: no cholera outbreak and cholera outbreak. For the state “cholera outbreak”, we considered different severities (i.e., different level of adult mortality) of epidemics: a low severity as observed in 2005 (<b>A</b>), a moderate severity as observed in 2007 (<b>B</b>) and a high severity as observed in 2006 (<b>C</b>). The black lines denote log-<i>λ_s</i> = 0; colors correspond to different growth rates ranging from blue (positive growth rate, log-<i>λ_s</i>>0) to red (negative growth rate, log-<i>λ_s</i><0). Areas to the right of the black lines indicate combinations of epidemic frequency and duration that are not sustainable for the population (log-<i>λ_s</i><0). The white areas represent impossible combinations of epidemic frequency and duration.</p

Data file

Data collected in the field, see readme file for details

Average (±SD) size of Antarctic krill consumed by Antarctic predators.

<p>Blue colours correspond to surface-feeding seabirds, green to diving seabirds and orange to the Antarctic fur seal. Filled circles are estimates based on mean size of krill consumed and open circles are estimates based on modal size of krill consumed. Data are detailed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0156968#pone.0156968.s005" target="_blank">S2 Table</a>.</p

Size (total length)-frequency distribution of Antarctic krill harvested by Antarctic petrels in January/February 2014 (samples obtained at Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land).

<p>Size (total length)-frequency distribution of Antarctic krill harvested by Antarctic petrels in January/February 2014 (samples obtained at Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land).</p

dataDryadPCR

Data with information on the carrier status of Pasteurella multocida labelled "PCR CARRIER STATUS" and several immune traits of Common eider

dataDryad15052014

Dataset used to test for directional selection on immune traits. Body size and mass measurements are provided as well as data for the 8 immune traits. The LIVEDEAD column provides information on the fate of individuals (1 is dead, 0 alive). BLEEDING.TIME is in min