Compensación y la motivación de los trabajadores en una empresa de movimiento de tierras en el norte del Perú, 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación, tiene como objetivo determinar si la compensación se relaciona con la motivación de los trabajadores en una empresa de movimiento de tierras en el norte del Perú, 2021. La población objetivo estuvo conformada por los 85 trabajadores de la empresa, para lo cual se utilizó como técnica de recolección de datos la encuesta y como instrumento de medición se usó el cuestionario con preguntas cerradas basada en la escala de medición de actitudes utilizando el escalamiento tipo Likert con cinco alternativas y valoración, el contexto en el cual se aplicó el instrumento fue autoadministrado grupal, se aplicaron dos cuestionarios el primero para medir la variable compensación con 32 preguntas y el segundo para medir la variable motivación con 30 preguntas. La investigación tuvo un alcance descriptivo correlacional, con diseño no experimental de tipo transversal correlacional. El estudio dio como resultado que la compensación se relaciona directamente con la motivación de los trabajadores en una empresa de movimiento de tierras en el norte del Perú, 2021, por otro lado, el coeficiente de correlación de Rho de Spearman tiene un valor de 0.860 que de acuerdo a la interpretación indica que el grado de correlación entre las variables compensación y motivación es positiva alta, lo que indica un importante grado de relación de las variables. Finalmente, la investigación concluye que la compensación se relaciona directamente con la motivación de los trabajadores en una empresa de movimiento de tierras en el norte del Perú, 2021.The objective of this research work is to determine if compensation is related to the motivation of workers in an earthmoving company in northern Peru, 2021. The target population was made up of the 85 workers of the company, for which the survey was used as a data collection technique and the questionnaire with closed questions based on the attitude measurement scale using the scaling type was used as a measurement instrument. Likert with five alternatives and assessment, the context in which the instrument was applied was group selfadministered, two questionnaires were applied, the first to measure the compensation variable with 32 questions and the second to measure the motivation variable with 30 questions. The research had a descriptive correlational scope, with a non-experimental correlational crosssectional design. The study found that compensation is directly related to the motivation of workers in an earthmoving company in northern Peru, 2021, on the other hand, the Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient has a value of 0.860 which According to the interpretation, it indicates that the degree of correlation between the compensation and motivation variables is positively high, which indicates an important degree of relationship between the variables. Finally, the research concludes that compensation is directly related to the motivation of workers in an earthmoving company in northern Peru, 2021

Propuesta de una estructura de costos, para evaluar la productividad del servicio de transporte de carga, empresa Huáscar Cargo Internacional S.A.C., Cajamarca 2016

RESUMEN El presente trabajo de investigación, tiene como finalidad proponer una estructura de costos, para evaluar la productividad del servicio de transporte de carga, en la empresa Huáscar Cargo Internacional S.A.C., Cajamarca 2016. En el análisis de la situación problemática de la empresa, se identificaron problemas que han sido detectados mediante observación directa y cuestionarios planteados a todo el personal de la empresa, por lo que detectamos que no llevan un análisis adecuado de los costos de la empresa, no cuentan con una estructura de costos que diferencien los costos fijos, los variables y los gastos, además de ello desconocen sobre los indicadores económicos de productividad en el transporte de carga y la forma como evaluarlos, lo que les dificulta identificar si los ingresos de la empresa son mayores a los costos, además de ello verificar si realmente cobran la tarifa correcta a los clientes para que cubran los costos de la operación de los vehículos, asimismo desconocen el costo por ruta y por kilómetro, indicadores muy importantes para poder establecer márgenes de tarifas en un proceso de licitación e incluso conocer la tarifa para fijar nuevas rutas. La propuesta de una estructura de costos, permite mejorar la evaluación de los indicadores de productividad, con el ingreso mensual que obtenga la empresa por vehículo y por ruta y con el costo total, mensual por ruta y vehículo, se obtendrá un indicador de productividad de costos e ingresos relativos que a través de una calificación por parte de la empresa alertará si presenta déficit o beneficios, este indicador porcentual permite hacer los ajustes necesarios en relación a los costos o en su defecto sirve para mejorar las tarifas de los servicios. PALARAS CLAVE: estructura de costos, evaluación, productividad, transporte de carga, costos, indicadores económicos, costos fijos, costos variables, gastos, tarifas, licitación, rutas.ABSTRACT This research work aims to propose a cost structure to assess the productivity of freight service in the company Huascar International Cargo S.A.C., Cajamarca 2016. In the analysis of the problematic situation of the company, problems that have been detected by direct observation and questionnaires posed to all staff of the company, so we find that without a proper analysis of the costs of the company were identified, not have a cost structure that differentiate fixed costs, variable and expenses, plus this unknown on economic indicators of productivity in freight and how to evaluate them, making it difficult to identify whether the company revenue are greater than the costs, in addition to this reality check charge the correct rate to customers to cover the costs of vehicle operation also know the cost per route and per kilometer, very important indicators to establish margins of rates in a bidding process even know the rates to set new routes. The proposal of a cost structure, improves the assessment of productivity indicators, with the monthly income obtained by the company per car per route and the total monthly cost per route and vehicle, an indicator of productivity costs will be obtained and revenue relating that through a rating by the company alert if you have deficits or benefits, this percentage indicator can make the necessary adjustments in relation to costs or otherwise serves to improve service rates. KEYWORDS: cost structure, evaluation, productivity, freight, costs, economic indicators, fixed costs, variable costs, expenses, fees, tender routes

Stoma-free Survival After Rectal Cancer Resection With Anastomotic Leakage: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model in a Large International Cohort.

Objective:To develop and validate a prediction model (STOMA score) for 1-year stoma-free survival in patients with rectal cancer (RC) with anastomotic leakage (AL).Background:AL after RC resection often results in a permanent stoma.Methods:This international retrospective cohort study (TENTACLE-Rectum) encompassed 216 participating centres and included patients who developed AL after RC surgery between 2014 and 2018. Clinically relevant predictors for 1-year stoma-free survival were included in uni and multivariable logistic regression models. The STOMA score was developed and internally validated in a cohort of patients operated between 2014 and 2017, with subsequent temporal validation in a 2018 cohort. The discriminative power and calibration of the models' performance were evaluated.Results:This study included 2499 patients with AL, 1954 in the development cohort and 545 in the validation cohort. Baseline characteristics were comparable. One-year stoma-free survival was 45.0% in the development cohort and 43.7% in the validation cohort. The following predictors were included in the STOMA score: sex, age, American Society of Anestesiologist classification, body mass index, clinical M-disease, neoadjuvant therapy, abdominal and transanal approach, primary defunctioning stoma, multivisceral resection, clinical setting in which AL was diagnosed, postoperative day of AL diagnosis, abdominal contamination, anastomotic defect circumference, bowel wall ischemia, anastomotic fistula, retraction, and reactivation leakage. The STOMA score showed good discrimination and calibration (c-index: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66-0.76).Conclusions:The STOMA score consists of 18 clinically relevant factors and estimates the individual risk for 1-year stoma-free survival in patients with AL after RC surgery, which may improve patient counseling and give guidance when analyzing the efficacy of different treatment strategies in future studies

Stoma-free survival after anastomotic leak following rectal cancer resection: worldwide cohort of 2470 patients

Background: The optimal treatment of anastomotic leak after rectal cancer resection is unclear. This worldwide cohort study aimed to provide an overview of four treatment strategies applied. Methods: Patients from 216 centres and 45 countries with anastomotic leak after rectal cancer resection between 2014 and 2018 were included. Treatment was categorized as salvage surgery, faecal diversion with passive or active (vacuum) drainage, and no primary/secondary faecal diversion. The primary outcome was 1-year stoma-free survival. In addition, passive and active drainage were compared using propensity score matching (2: 1). Results: Of 2470 evaluable patients, 388 (16.0 per cent) underwent salvage surgery, 1524 (62.0 per cent) passive drainage, 278 (11.0 per cent) active drainage, and 280 (11.0 per cent) had no faecal diversion. One-year stoma-free survival rates were 13.7, 48.3, 48.2, and 65.4 per cent respectively. Propensity score matching resulted in 556 patients with passive and 278 with active drainage. There was no statistically significant difference between these groups in 1-year stoma-free survival (OR 0.95, 95 per cent c.i. 0.66 to 1.33), with a risk difference of -1.1 (95 per cent c.i. -9.0 to 7.0) per cent. After active drainage, more patients required secondary salvage surgery (OR 2.32, 1.49 to 3.59), prolonged hospital admission (an additional 6 (95 per cent c.i. 2 to 10) days), and ICU admission (OR 1.41, 1.02 to 1.94). Mean duration of leak healing did not differ significantly (an additional 12 (-28 to 52) days). Conclusion: Primary salvage surgery or omission of faecal diversion likely correspond to the most severe and least severe leaks respectively. In patients with diverted leaks, stoma-free survival did not differ statistically between passive and active drainage, although the increased risk of secondary salvage surgery and ICU admission suggests residual confounding

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present