Assessment of In vitro pharmacological activity of Olmesartan by analytical techniques

Background: Free radical oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathology of a wide variety of clinical disorders. Antioxidants are agents which scavenge the free radicals and prevent the damage caused by them. Angiotensin II receptor blockers used in the treatment of hypertension has also been reported to protect organs such as kidney and heart. Although the mechanisms of these protective effects are not fully understood, it is generally thought that their antioxidant effects likely play a role. Hence, this in vitro study was done to demonstrate the antioxidant pharmacological activity of a commonly used Angiotensin receptor blocker Olmesartan.Methods: In this study, we demonstrated the antioxidant pharmacological activity of Olmesartan in vitro by 1,1 Diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazide (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) free radical scavenging assays.Results: Olmesartan showed significant free radical scavenging activity by DPPH and NO radical scavenging assays.Conclusion: Hence, Olmesartan, which is an antihypertensive drug, may be effective also as an antioxidant in a wide variety of disease conditions caused by oxidative stress

Studies on glutamine synthetase: purification of the enzyme from mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) seedlings and modulation of the enzyme-antibody reaction by the substrates

Glutamine synthetase (L-glutamate : ammonia ligase, EC 6.3.1.2) from Phaseolus aureus (mung bean) seedlings was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and affinity chromatography on histidine-Sepharose. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 775,000 ± 25,000. The enzyme consisted of identical subunits with an approximate subunit molecular weight of 50,000. Hyperbolic saturation curves were obtained with the substrates, glutamate, ATP and hydroxylamine. Antibody, raised in the rabbit, against mung bean glutamine synthetase, completely inhibited the activity of the enzyme. Preincubation of the enzyme with glutamate and ATP, prior to the addition of the antibody, partially protected the enzyme against inhibition. The Km values of this enzyme-antibody complex and the native enzyme were identical (glutamate, 2.5mM; ATP, 1 mM; hydroxylamine, 0.5 mM). The Km values of the partially inhibited enzyme (the enzyme pretreated with antibody prior to the addition of substrates) were 2-fold higher than those of the native enzyme. These results suggested that the substrate-induced conformational changes in the enzyme were responsible for the protection against inhibition of the enzyme activity by the antibody

Challenges Of Climate Change On Human Health

Climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. Climate change is adversely affecting the human health. Maximum impact of global warming and climate change will be seen on underdeveloped and developing countries like India. In Indian context the implications of climate change are broadly classified into rising sea levels, increasing CO2 levels, rising temperatures and extreme weather conditions. Climate change affects the human health in various ways. In developing countries like India, the health sector and the infrastructural facilities are very weak. The impact of the human activity on climate system is the most serious environmental challenge nowadays. The impacts of climate change on human health will be difficult to reverse in a few years or decades. Yet, these possible impacts can be avoided or controlled. This paper analyses the challenges of climate change on health

Evaluation of antioxidant activity of ormeloxifene: in vitro study

Background: Ormeloxifene (Centchroman) is a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) which acts as estrogen antagonist and having anti progestogenic activity also. It is being used in the management of dysfunctional uterine bleeding and as nonhormonal oral contraceptive. It is also being investigated for the indications such as osteoporosis, breast and endometrial carcinoma. In this study, we have evaluated the Antioxidant potential of drug by using DPPH and NO synthase Assay. It was found that ormeloxifene has significant antioxidant activity which could be cause for its use in various gynaecological and other conditions.Methods: In this study, we have demonstrated in vitro antioxidant activity of ormeloxifene. DPPH and NO synthase assay tests were done for different concentrations of ormeloxifene.Results: In our study, it showed that the free radical scavenging activity of ormeloxifene was less in lower concentration and increased in the higher concentration in DPPH assay. The free radical scavenging activity of drug ormeloxifene was 22% at 100µg/ml and 27% for the concentrations of 1000µg/ml in DPPH assay. No scavenging activity was 3% at 100µg/ml and 11% at 1000µg/ml.Conclusions: The invitro antioxidant analysis of ormeloxifene, was proved to be a potent antioxidant

A Panoramic View On Rural Energy Consumption

Energy consumption is an index of economic development energy is essential to ensure adequate and sustained supply for energy sector of the economy. The rural energy consumption pattern is divided into agricultural operation domestic activities, living and industry. Rural energy consumption influences the standard of living of the people in rural areas. India is the largest energy consumer in the world. In India, out of 121crs of populations, 80crs of people living rural areas and affordability are vitally our country keep its pace of development

Drug utilization study in ophthalmology out patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the utilization of the drugs in the ophthalmology outpatient department.Methods: Present study was conducted at ESIC medical college & PGIMSR Ophthalmology Department. Total 700 prescriptions were collected from 700 patients and prescriptions were analysed for total and average number drugs per prescription, duration of treatment, dosage form, drug encounter with antibiotics and other group of drugs also percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names.Results: After analysing the prescriptions, average number of drugs per prescription was 2.14 and the range of drugs prescribed were varied from 1-5. Total drugs prescribed were 1502 with 7 different dosage forms. Most commonly prescribed were antibiotics (28.14%) followed by antihistamines (14.28%) and vitamins and minerals (14.28%). Thirdly ocular lubricants were frequently prescribed (12.12%). Fluroquinolones (moxifloxacin) were very commonly prescribed in antibiotics. The common prescription writing errors were very minimal.Conclusions: The present study revealed trend of prescribing practices of the Opthalmologists of the Institute. This study shows less polypharmacy, use of injection was limited and majority of the drugs prescribed in generic and hospital formulary drug list. Antibiotics were prescribed most frequently

Identification of Patala (Stereospermum colais and Stereospermum suaveolens roots) by pharmacognostic parameters - A plant drug in Dasamula

Stereospermum colais and Stereospermum suaveolens are known as "Patala" in Ayurveda and also a constituent of Dasamula. It is difficult to distinguish between the two species and hence it is difficult to identify genuine Patala. Both Stereospermum species looks alike in morphology with the exception of flower-color. So collection of the plant material from wild source as well as differentiating from the marketed sample is a challenge for the herbal industries to identify the genuine Patala. Hence, an attempt was made to compare the pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters of the roots of S. colais and S. suaveolens. Macroscopy, microscopy, physico-chemical analysis and elemental analysis were carried out to standardize the roots. The salient diagnostic features identified to distinguish the plant species are heterocellular periderm and calcium oxalate druses in S. colais and multitype (Rhytidome) periderm and calcium oxalate raphides in S. suaveolens. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and comparative HPTLC fingerprint analysis of various extracts of roots revealed their phytochemical composition. The standardization parameters developed here can be used as reference standard for correct identification of the plant. Further, it will act as a tool to detect adulterants and substituents consequently maintains the quality, reproducibility and efficacy of the plant material.

First-in-Human Study of MANP: A Novel ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) Analog in Human Hypertension

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