Electrical capacitance tomography: principles, techniques and applications

Electrical capacitance tomography system is useful for obtaining information about spatial distribution of a mixture of dielectric materials inside a vessel. This study is aimed to obtain real-time monitoring of the composition of liquid mixture in conveying pipeline. ECT is a non-invasive, non-intrusive and non-destructive technique that can measure the flow level inside a pipeline. In order to increase the image resolution and produce accurate result of current tomography research, a study on 16-electrodes sensor ECT system has been developed. The developed system has the mobility to be assembled and moved from a pipeline to another. The intelligent on-board mobility sensor technique has never been applied on an ECT system, it is a new technique and investigation of the ECT system. The system however can be assembled in different diameters of pipelines, and the number of the electrodes sensors can be reduced according to the different sizes of the pipelines without the need to redesign the electrodes sensors. In order to reduce the cost of an ECT system, Universal Serial Bus technology (USB) has been used as data transfering method. The final target of a tomography system is to control process and output of the pipeline and therefore a very high speed measurement and data transferring method is required to monitor the materials that flow inside the pipeline. In this case, a high speed data processing rate for data acquisition system and a high speed data reconstruction and image display system have been developed. As a result, a microcontroller that supports full-speed USB data transfer rate has been designed as the central control unit. The reconstruction image process in the PC was written using programming platform Visual Basic 6.0. The information obtained in the PC can be reconstructed using linear back projection algorithm. In order to improve data result, iterative algorithm has been implemented in this system in order to obtain a precise image of the flow in the pipeline

Asas pengawal logik boleh atur cara (PLC)

Pengawal Logik Boleh Atur Cara (PLC) ialah elemen asas dan penting dalam bidang Kejuruteraan Kawalan yang digunakan dalam perkakasan elektrik dan mekanikal. Justeru, secara keseluruhannya, kebanyakan aplikasi yang melibatkan kawalan arus elektrik menggunakan PLC sebagai komponen kawalan. Buku ini menerangkan secara terperinci asas operasi sesebuah PLC termasuk instrumen perantaramukaan jenis analog dan digital. Selain itu, teori dan aplikasi asas atur cara PLC diterangkan dengan menggunakan rajah tangga. Pada bab akhir pula, ditunjukkan beberapa contoh aplikasi sebenar PLC dalam bidang Kejuruteraan Kawalan yang mana rajah tangga dan rajah skematik setiap aplikasi dijelaskan secara terperinci. Buku ini sesuai digunakan sebagai bahan rujukan utama untuk pelajar dalam jurusan teknologi sama ada di peringkat sarjana muda, diploma dan sijil serta kepada jurutera dan juruteknik yang terlibat dalam bidang ini

Optical fiber sensor review

Technology of fiber optic are widely used for its applications which mostly known for carrying information over long distances for the best efficiency. It is also used for medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, physical parameters detection, industrial applications, food safety, and security [1]. The fiber optic technology can also be a method for sensor application which is a fiber optic sensor..

Pengukuran Halaju Susuk : Kaedah Sekaitan Silang Dalam Proses Tomografi

Kertas kerja ini membincangkan untuk melihat sejauhmana kesan penderia optik yang diletakkan secara susunan hulu dan hilir dapat memberikan satu keputusan dalam bentuk paparan graf halaju bagi fungsi sekaitan silang apabila pepejal kering dijatuhkan ke dalam sebatang pai

Smart street lighting system

A c, light pole, lamppost, street lamp, light standard or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path. Street lighting provides a number of important benefits. It can be used to promote security in urban areas and to increase the quality of life by artificially extending the hours in which it is light so that activity can take place. Street lighting also improves safety for drivers, riders, and pedestrians..

Control unit in optical tomography

Control unit is important part in any process tomography. This unit will ensure the smoothness of overall system. Knowledge in programming the microcontroller is really needed to ensure the success of any project. This section will give the reader some knowledge about RS232 communication using PIC18F4520 and C language as a software tools to program the code

A review of using the force/torque sensor in robotics application

Nowadays, force/torque sensors ubiquitous in the robotics field. Most of the robots on the assembly line use a force/torque sensor in a complex assembly process. A force/torque (F/T) sensor is an electronic device designed to track, detect, record, and manage the rotational and linear forces exerted on it. This force/torque sensor, sometimes known as a multi-axis force/torque transducer, six-axis load cell, or F/T sensor. This sensor plays a vital role in the robotic application as it provides force information to make the system more reliable and precise.

Recent development of magnetic sensor

With recent advancement of sensors development, many efforts have been made in improving technologies that can turn every measurable value in the environment into something meaningful at least that is the idea of transducers – a collection of devices that can convert physical quantities into electrical value. For instance, temperature sensor converts degree of hotness (temperature) into voltages, which in turn can be hooked on an electrical signal processing circuit to produce a thermo-controller. Various other types of transducer are available nowadays that can detect many elements, for examples ultrasonic sensor for distance, pressure sensors, proximity, infrared sensors and many others..

An ultrasonic system for profiling bubblers in water

Multi-phase flow occurs as two or more discrete phases flow in a closed pipe or a vessel. Examples of phases include gas, liquid or solid and also different immiscible liquids or solids[1]. Two phase flow of fluids (e.g. gas/liquid, liquid/liquid, etc.) is an important phenomenon in which two immiscible phases coexist in a thermodynamic equilibrium. As a two phase flow regime, bubbly flow column are intensively used as multiphase contactors and reactors in chemical, biochemical and petrochemical industries. Investigation of design parameters characterizing the operation and transport phenomena of bubble columns have led to better understanding of the hydrodynamic properties, heat and mass transfer mechanisms and flow regime characteristics ongoing during the operation[2, 3]. Due to the stringent regulations on precise flow control especially in the case of two phase fluid flow,, there has always been a necessity for developing an easier to use, yet more precise approaches or instrumentation. Accordingly, tomographic measurement is more significant and attractable especially in today's industrial process .