Strategic Behavior and Manipulation in Gender-Neutral Matching Algorithms

Within artificial intelligence, the sub-field of multi-agent systems studies the foundations of agent interactions and strategic behavior. Two-sided matching is one of the most fundamental problems in this field with applications in matching residents to hospitals, kidney donors to receivers and students to high schools. The earliest algorithm that solved this problem is the Gale-Shapley algorithm which guarantees a stable matching based on the preferences of both sides but has a drawback of favoring one side over the other, that is, proposers always get their most optimal stable partner. We consider the design and analysis of gender-neutral stable matching algorithms where the proposing side from both sides is randomly chosen thereby giving an equal probability for both sides to get their most optimal stable partner (ex-ante). Later, we focus on investigating if an agent can exhibit strategic behavior i.e., whether it is possible for an agent to manipulate so that he/she improve the partner obtained when on the proposed side while retaining the partner obtained when on the proposing side. The results obtained showed that for some manipulation algorithms, agents can still manipulate the outcome even when the decision of which side is proposing is unknown. Also, empirical evaluations were performed to understand and solidify the results

A computational framework for the morpho-elastic development of molluskan shells by surface and volume growth

Mollusk shells are an ideal model system for understanding the morpho-elastic basis of morphological evolution of invertebrates' exoskeletons. During the formation of the shell, the mantle tissue secretes proteins and minerals that calcify to form a new incremental layer of the exoskeleton. Most of the existing literature on the morphology of mollusks is descriptive. The mathematical understanding of the underlying coupling between pre-existing shell morphology, de novo surface deposition and morpho-elastic volume growth is at a nascent stage, primarily limited to reduced geometric representations. Here, we propose a general, three-dimensional computational framework coupling pre-existing morphology, incremental surface growth by accretion, and morpho-elastic volume growth. We exercise this framework by applying it to explain the stepwise morphogenesis of seashells during growth: new material surfaces are laid down by accretive growth on the mantle whose form is determined by its morpho-elastic growth. Calcification of the newest surfaces extends the shell as well as creates a new scaffold that constrains the next growth step. We study the effects of surface and volumetric growth rates, and of previously deposited shell geometries on the resulting modes of mantle deformation, and therefore of the developing shell's morphology. Connections are made to a range of complex shells ornamentations.Comment: Main article is 20 pages long with 15 figures. Supplementary material is 4 pages long with 6 figures and 6 attached movies. To be published in PLOS Computational Biolog

Surgical management of supracondylar fracture femur by retrograde intramedullary Green Seligson Henry nail: a clinical study

Background: Femoral shaft fractures in young people are frequently due to some type of high-energy collision. The most common cause of femoral fracture is a motor vehicle crash. Treatment for the femoral shaft is at most priority. Hence, the study is aimed to evaluate the results of the retrograde femoral nailing in supracondylar femoral fractures concerning knee flexion, mobilization of patients, and early weight-bearing. Methods: The study is conducted from October 2019 to October 2021 with 25 patients having supracondylar fractures of the femur. The age group of patients was 15-70 years. Patients with midshaft femur fractures, nonunion, malunion, and pathological fractures were excluded. Chest X-ray post anterior view electrocardiography was performed in patients. Operative procedure was followed and postoperative management was done for all the patients. Radiological evidence of callus and consolidation was analyzed. Neer’s rating system and Sander’s functional evaluation scale were used to find the points for pain, working and walking capacity, range of motion and radiological appearance, etc. Results: In the study, 25 patients are admitted with supracondylar fractures of the femur. The closed or open reduction method and the retrograde intramedullary supracondylar Green Seligson Henry (GSH) nail were used for internal fixation. The patients were followed for a period of 3 to 24 months. The results of Neers and Sander’s evaluation scoring system determined good to excellent results in 65% of cases. Conclusion: To conclude from the study results, it was noted that retrograde intramedullary supracondylar nail is an ideal fixation system for distal third femoral fractures, especially the extraarticular type.

Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for loxapine in capsule dosage form

A reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the determination of loxapine drug in tablet dosage form. The developed method was validated by measuring linearity, precision, limit of detection (LOD), robustness and ruggedness, drug recovery and for system suitability. Water and acetonitrile in the ratio 55:45 v/v was the mobile phase with C 18 column (250 mm x 4.5 mm x 5 m) as a stationary phase and 265 nm was the detection wavelength. The HPLC system was operated in isocratic mode. The measured retention time of loxapine drug was 6.88 minutes and the limit of detection was 0.035 g/ml, respectively. The linearity measured in the range 10-100 g/ml had a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The results of the parameters precision, robustness, recovery and formulation assay indicate that the developed method is a very good tool for the analysis of loxapine drug in tablet dosage form in bulk

Pharmacological studies of zinc oxide nanoparticles

500-505In this paper, we focused on the synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles by using a chemical method. The characterization of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles are determined by different spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible, DRS, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX. Further, the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic studies also performed towards different bacterial species like Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, fungi like Aspergillus niger and MCF-7 Breast Cancer cell line